====== [hemmerling] Computer / PC Hardware - PC Technical Support ======
Related pages:
  *[[datastorage.html|Data Storage on CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, Harddisk, Floppy Disk, Zip Disk, Memory Cards, Memory Sticks, Tape...]].
  *[[desktoppc.html|Desktop PC - Requirements and Market Research]].
  *[[input.html|Input Devices ( Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner,.. )]].
  *[[network02.html|Network Tools 2/2 - Communications Hardware, Communication Applications & Drivers]].
  *[[notebook.html|Notebooks]].
  *[[4drives.html|PCs with 4 Floppy Disk Drives]].
  *[[software.html|Software]].
  *[[lenovo_thinkcentre.html|The Desktop Computer "Lenovo ThinkCentre 58p"]].
===== Hardware =====
==== Quality Criteria for a Computer ====
  *Does the computer device have a reset button ? 
  *Desktop PC:
    *Does the chassis have a reset button ?
    *Does the power supply have an on/off switch to switch off the power physically ?
==== CPU ====
  *The current commercial [[http://www.cpuidle.de/|Andreas Goetz "CPU Idle"]] for WIN95/98 and W2K. 
    *The legacy editon "CPU Idle 3.01" for Win98SE is the latest free unlimited edition.
  *[[http://www.coolingsoftware.de/|Wolfgang Kohnke "coolingsoftware.de"]], [[http://www.free.pages.at/coolingsoftware/|Wolfgang Kohnke "coolingsoftware.de"]] - "Informationen und Programme rund um die Kühlung, Steuerung und Überwachung Ihrer CPU!" -> Download of "CpuIdle 3.01".
==== Data Storage ====
  *See [[datastorage.html|Data Storage on CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, Harddisk, Floppy Disk, Zip Disk, Memory Cards, Memory Sticks, Tape...]].

==== Graphics Cards ====
=== Premier Hardware Designers and Chip Manufacturers ===
  *[[http://www.nvidia.com/|NVIDIA Corporation]], [[http://www.nvidia.de/|NVIDIA GmbH]].
    *[[http://www.nvidia.com/page/support.html|NVIDIA Corporation - Support]].
      *[[http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us|NVIDIA Corporation - NVIDIA Driver Downloads]].
      *<del>[[http://www.nvidia.com/de-de/geforce/drivers/|NVIDIA "Offizielle GeForce-Treiber"]]</del> - No drivers for notebooks and legacy hardware :-(
      *[[http://www.nvidia.de/object/winxp-2k_archive_de.html|NVIDIA GmbH - Windows XP/2000: Treiberarchiv]].
      *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia_System_Tools|EN.Wikipedia "Nvidia System Tools"]].
  *[[http://www.amd.com/DE/PRODUCTS/DESKTOP/GRAPHICS/Pages/desktop-graphics.aspx|AMD "AMD Grafiklösungen für Desktop PCs"]] ( formerly: ATI ).
=== Just-Manufacturers of Graphics Cards with its Brands ===
  *[[http://www.msi.com/|MSI]], [[http://de.msi.com/|MSI Deutschland]].
=== My Graphics Cards ===
== ISA / VESA ==
  *My former graphics card "ATI Ultra Graphics Pro (MACH32)", FCC ID: GRANTEE_CODE = EXM, PRODUCT_CODE = 195.
== AGP ==
  *My graphics card "ELSA Erazor III Pro Video Retail", is equipped with the chipset NVIDIA "TNT2Pro" and the video i/o chipset Brooktree "BT 869".
    *[[http://www.conexant.com/|Conexant Systems, Inc.]].
      *[[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.conexant.com/products/prodparts.jsp?id=404|Archive.org "Conexant BT868/869"]].
  *My graphics card "MSI G4MX440-VTP / MS-8866" of [[http://www.msi.com/|MSI]] is equipped with the chipset NVIDIA "G4MX440" and the video i/o chipset Philips "SAA 7108E".
== PCIe ==
  *My graphics "ATI Radeon HD 3470".
    *[[https://www.gpuzoo.com/GPU-ATI/Radeon_HD_3470.html|GPUZoo "ATI / Radeon HD 3470"]] => "Shader model: 4.1", not suitable for CORE games engine of 2022-08.
=== VESA Drivers ===
  *[[http://bearwindows.boot-land.net/vbe9x.htm|VBEMP 9x Project. Universal VESA/VBE Video Display Driver (for Windows 9x Architecture)]] #.
  *The Shareware "SciTech Display Doctor", a VESA graphics driver for PC graphics cards both for MSDOS programs and for Win95, Win98.
    *Up to version 5.3 inclusively, an expiring shareware version can be turned into a full version by entering a registration key! With version 5.3a, this policy was discontinued.
    *[[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.scitechsoft.com/sdd_win.html|Archive.org "SciTech Display Doctor 6.53 (Classic Edition)"]] ( - 2008-07-25 ), [[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.scitechsoft.com/sdd_win.html|Archive.org "SciTech Display Doctor"]] ( - 2002-02-01 ).
=== Tools ===
  *The free [[http://www.ab.ru/~lookin/|Video Live]] tools for Windows support the SAA 7108E chipset!
  *The discontinued video-in drivers for the graphics card "Elsa Erazor III Pro Video" by [[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.mtools.pl/|Archive.org "Media Tools"]] ( - 2006-09-23 ).
    *The free "pViewer" for Win98.
    *The Sharware "pViewer Pro" for W2k,XP.
  *The discontinued Shareware [[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tvtool.info|Archive.org "TVTool"]] for Windows by [[http://www.jbmedia.de/|JB]]
    *The tool "TVTool" enables video-out for graphics card with Bt868/Bt869 chipset, e.g. my Erazor III Pro Video Retail graphics card. "TVTool 4.61" is the latest uncrippled freeware version.
    *The tool "TVCC" enables video-out for graphics cards with Chrontel chipset ( e.g. ASUS graphics cards ). No more Macrovision copy-protection !
  *Once there was "DeskTV" - A free overlay software for many graphics cards with video input and VfW drivers ( ELSA Victory Erazor, graphics cards with BT848chipset. Autor: [[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tirtanium.de/program.html|Archive.org "Michael Tirtasana"]].
  *The Shareware "UniRefresh 1.43" for MSDOS by Rob Muller - A universal MSDOS refresh rate utility using VESA VBE 3.0.
    *[[http://download.cnet.com/UniRefresh/3000-2016_4-12522.html|CNET "UniRefresh 1.43"]].
    *[[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://unirefresh.demonews.com/|Archive.org "Rob Muller 'UniRefresh'"]].

==== I/O Cards and I/O Devices ====
=== USB ===
== PC Cards ==
  *The PCI card [[http://www.pearl.de/a-PX2032-1302.shtml?query=USB+Hub+PCI|PEARL Agency "c-enter USB2.0 Controller 4+1 Port"]].
== Some USB Cables & USB Cable Vendors ==
  *USB cable sales in Germany: USB A-male <=> A-male cable.
    *[[http://www.reichelt.de/index.html?ACTION=446&q=usb%20kabel%20m%C3%A4nnlich%20m%C3%A4nnlich|reichelt elektronik GmbH & Co. KG - Search for "usb kabel männlich männlich"]] - "USB 2.0 Kabel, A Stecker auf A Stecker".
  *USB cables with in-cable magnetic interface an external USB C, MicroUSB, USB-A interfaces.
    *[[http://www.kuulaa.cn/plus/list.php?tid=4|Kuulaa "USB Cable"]].
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0B44DCKLD/hemmerling-21|Amazon.DE "Kuulaa USB C Magnetic Charging Cable 2 m, 360° & 180° Fast Charge Magnetic Charging Cable, 6 in 1 USB C/A to Type C Magnetic Cable for Type C/Micro USB/i-Products/Galaxy S22/S23/S23 Ultra/MacBook "]].
  *[[http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/07/all-smartphones-to-use-usb-c-charging-ports-from-autumn-2024-says-eu|TheGuardian "EU deal will force iPhones to use USB-C charger by 2024"]], 2022-06-07.
== USB Interface Cables ==
 *USB Interface Cable, a branded promotional gift of "Vertiv" ( USB-A, USB-C, Micro-USB, Apple ).
== USB Charging Cables ==
  *USB charging cable by "allroundo", a branded promotional gift of "TÜV Informationstechnik GmbH ( TÜV Nord Group )". 
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/vonmaehlen|Facebook "Vonmählen"]], #allroundoworld.
      *[[http://www.facebook.com/vonmaehlen/videos/10155865381318129/|Facebook, Vonmählen "Your logo on the all-in-one charging cable"]], 2018.
    *[[http://www.instagram.com/vonmaehlen/|Instagram "VONMÄHLEN - Tech Accessories (@vonmaehlen)"]], #allroundoworld.
  *USB charging cable "MO6812" by "MOB, PO Box 644, 6710 BP ( NL )", a branded promotional gift of "AMD". 
    *Power input: USB-A & USB-C.
    *Power output: Micro-USB & USB-C.
  *USB charging cable "OCTOPUS" by "Xoopar", a branded promotional gift of "equinix".
    *Interfaces: USB-A, USB-C, Micro USB, Apple iPhone Lightning.
    *[[http://www.xoopar.com/|Xoopar - Green In Technology]].
      *[[http://www.xoopar.com/r/xp61040|Xoopar "OCTOPUS Charging Cable Model No.:XP61040"]].
    *[[http://www.xoopar-shop.com/|Xoopar Shop]].
  *USB charging cable by "SCX Design", branded promotional gifts of "Delinea" & "Intel".
    *Interfaces: USB-A, USB-C, Micro USB, Apple iPhone Lightning.
    *[[http://www.scx.design/en/|SCX Design]], France.
  *USB cable sales in Germany: USB cable for loading mobile devices.
    *[[http://www.action.com/de-de/search/?q=ladekabel|ACTION - Search for "ladekabel"]].
    *[[http://www.google.com/search?q=TEDI+usb+ladekabel|Google - - Search for "TEDI usb ladekabel"]].
== USB Emergency Charger ==
  *USB Emergency Charger "ASI # 09305 PO# 1134862, ITEM# UQ3135", a branded promotional gift of "Hewlett-Packard ( HP )".
    *Power input: USB-A & solar panel.
    *Power output: Micro-USB.
    *Restriction "Do not charge your phone while the charger is beeing charging via USB".
== USB Hubs ==
  *USB hub "Bamboo hub with Type-C" / "XD P308.73X" by "XD Connects B.V", a branded promotional gift of "Baramundi". 
    *Uplink: USB-A. Hub: 2 x USB-A, 1 x USB-C. 
    *Restriction "Use this item only to extend the USB ports of your computer or laptop. Do not connect this device to a USB power adapter" :-(.
  *USB hub by "MOB PO BOX 644, 6710 BP ( NL )", a branded promotional gift of "radware".
    *Uplink: USB-A. Hub: 4 x USB-A.
== Resources ==
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB|EN.Wikipedia "USB"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB|DE.Wikipedia "USB"]].
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hardware|EN.Wikipedia "USB hardware"]].
=== The Serial & Parallel Ports ===
  *[[http://www.visionsystems.de/|Vision Systems GmbH]].
    *"4COM" - Legacy ISA-BUS I/O card, with 4 x RS232 ( FIFO buffered ), 2 x parallel bidirectional ports, freely configurable interrupts. Date of production & documentation: 1992-12-12.
  *[[http://www.digi.com/products/usb/edgeport|Digi International Inc. "Edgeport. USB-to-serial converters"]] - "Add 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 serial ports to a PC", "RS-232, RS-422, or RS-485 serial ports (software selectable)".
  *[[http://www.logilink.org/|2direct GmbH - LogiLink]].
    *[[http://www.logilink.org/showproduct/AU0002E.htm?seticlanguage=en|2direct GmbH "USB 2.0 to Serial Adapter LogiLink"]].
    *[[http://www.logilink.org/Products_LogiLink/Cable_Adapters/USB_20_Adapter/USB_20_to_Serial_Adapter-9plus25_Pin_LogiLink.htm|2direct GmbH "USB 2.0 to Serial Adapter, 9+25 Pin LogiLink"]].
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B001TOFUDI/hemmerling-21|Amazon.DE "LogiLink Adapter USB 2.0 to Seriell 9+25 Pin"]].
=== Software Drivers ===
  *X00 version 1.50 - Fossil driver for MSDOS.
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X00|EN.Wikipedia "X00"]].
    *[[http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.dcllabs.net/docs/x00ref.txt|Archive.org "Functions reference manual for the X00 developer. Copyright (c) 1990 by Raymond L. Gwinn"]].
    *[[http://www.sysopworld.com/bbsfaq/ch06.09.htm|SysopWorld. Home of "The Official BBS FAQ", chapter "6.09 - FOSSIL DRIVERS"]].
    *I don´t know any download location.
  *The free [[http://www.digsys.se/Obsolete/ADF.aspx|Scandinavian Digital Systems AB ,digsys.se "ADF v1.50 serial port FOSSIL driver"]].
  *Wolfgang Westermann "NTFOSS".
    *[[http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://stud1.tuwien.ac.at/~e9125884/NTFOSS/|Archive.org "NTFOSS Home Page. NTFOSS THE virtual Windows NT FOSSIL driver"]].
    *[[http://www.wiesinger.com/NTFOSS/download/|Gerhard Wiesinger "ntf101.zip"]].
  *[[http://www.startech.com/Cards-Adapters/Parallel/1-Port-EPPECP-Parallel-PCI-Card~PCI1PECP|StarTech "1 Port PCI Parallel Adapter Card"]] - "The adapter card supports EPP, ECP, SPP and BPP parallel communications, and is simple to install in virtually any PC. The card supports Windows Vista, XP, ME, 2000, 98, 95, NT4, DOS and Linux, plus IRQ sharing and plug and play capabilities guarantee convenient, hassle-free connections to any parallel peripheral".
  *[[http://www.startech.com/Cards-Adapters/Parallel/2-Port-EPPECP-PCI-Express-Parallel-Card~PEX2PECP2|StarTech "2 Port PCI Express / PCI-e Parallel Adapter Card – IEEE 1284 with Low Profile Bracket"]].
==== Input Devices ( Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick ) ====
  *See [[input.html|Input Devices ( Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner... )]].
==== Displays ====
=== Monitor Tubes ====
  *My 15" "Belinea  10 50 35" tube monitor, native resolution 1024x768 at 75 Hz, of 1998.
  *My former 17" "MAG MX17S" tube monitor, 1024x768 by [[http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.maginnovision.com/|Archive.org "MAG Innovision"]].
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAG_Innovision|EN.Wikipedia "MAG Innovision"]].
  *My 19" "Maxdata Belinea 106065" tube monitor, native resolution 1600x1200 at 75 Hz.
=== LCD Monitor Displays ====
  *My 17 [[http://www.hansol.nl/eng/711.html|Hansol Monitor H711]], LCD monitor, 1280x1024.
  *My 20" "Philips 200P3M" LCD monitor, 1600x1200.
  *My 19" "Medion MD 20095" LCD monitor, 1440×900 of 2009-05.
    *[[http://www.grundlagen-computer.de/kaufberatung/schnappchen/medion-p53006-md-20095-lcd-monitor-bei-aldi-fuer-9999-eur|Grundlagen-Computer - Tipps zu Software, Hardware und Smartphones "Medion P53006 (MD 20095) LCD-Monitor bei Aldi für 99,99 EUR"]].
  *My 21.5" "BenQ ET-0026-B", 1920x1080 Full HD, of 2010-07.
  *My 21.6" "ASUS VW220D", Native Resolution 1680x1050, of 2008.
  *My 24" "BenQ GL 2460 B", 1920x1080 Full HD, of 2017.
=== Beamers ===
  *[[http://www.rebeam.de/|eBeam GbR Huber & Schulte]].
  *[[http://www.lumibeebrand.com/|LUMIBEE HD]]  with LED lamp.
=== Color Management ===
  *5000 Kelvin is the usual color temperature for print management.
  *6500 Kelvin is the usual color temperature for video management.
  *Ideal Gamma value: 1.8.
  *My 20" Philips 200P3M monitor just supports
    *Original Panel Color.
    *9300 Kelvin for CAD / CAM.
    *6500 Kelvin for image management.
==== Complete PCs ====
=== Gamer PCs ===
  *[[http://www.zotac.com/us/product/mini_pcs/all|ZOTAC]] - Mini PCs and GeForce GTX Gaming Graphics Cards".
    *[[http://www.zotac.com/us/product/mini_pcs/magnus-en1070k-windows-10|ZOTAC "MAGNUS EN1070K with Windows 10"]] - Used by the online gaming providers "Gaijin" at public marketing events for free playing of their online games, in 2017.
=== x86 Computers with Linux Support ===
  *[[http://www.tuxedocomputers.com/|TUXEDO Computers]] - "Notebooks, Computer, Laptops PCs und Hardware mit Linux Unterstützung".
=== Legacy x86 Office Server PCs ===
  *[[http://www.esm-computer.de/lenovo-thinkcentre-m82-pentium-g860-3-0-ghz-4-gb-1021059/|ESM-Computer GmbH "Lenovo Thinkcentre M82 Pentium G860 3,0 GHz 4 GB "]].
=== x86 Office Server PCs ===
  *IBM x3500 M4, a standalone PC ideal for the office.
    *[[http://www.ibm.com/systems/de/x/hardware/tower/x3500m4/|IBM Germany "IBM System x3500 M4"]].
    *[[http://www.idealo.de/preisvergleich/OffersOfProduct/3290864_-system-x3500-m4-7383-7383e4g-ibm.html|Idealo "IBM System x3500 M4 7383 (7383E4G)"]].
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00MXUAMVM/hemmerling-21|Intel i7-4790K QuadCore, 32GB RAM PC1600, 2000GB HDD, 250GB SSD, BluRay-Brenner Front-USB 3.0, Cardreader, Asus Z97M-Plus, (Hydra-Case)]] with [[http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/Z97MPLUS/|ASUS Z97M-PLUS]] motherboard and [[http://ark.intel.com/products/80807/Intel-Core-i7-4790K-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_40-GHz|Intel Core i7-4790K Processor]], without operating system ( by [[http://www.amazon.de/shops/A2ME8L8HYKJCHN/|IT Datentechnik]] ).
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00MIG6NKU/hemmerling-21|Intel i7 4790K QuadCore, 32GB RAM PC1600, 250GB SSD, 3000GB HDD, BluRay-Brenner Front-USB 3.0 Cardreader, Asus Z97M-Plus, 600W 80+ Silber PSU, Coolermaster Silencio 550 (gedämmt)
]] with [[http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/Z97MPLUS/|ASUS Z97M-PLUS]] motherboard and [[http://ark.intel.com/products/80807/Intel-Core-i7-4790K-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_40-GHz|Intel Core i7-4790K Processor]], without operating system.
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B008K8YYQU/hemmerling-21|CSL Speed 4731W8P inkl. Windows 8 Pro - Intel Core i7-4790K 4x 4000MHz, 32GB RAM, 120GB SSD, 2000GB HDD, GeForce GTX660, DVD, USB 3.0]] with Win8Pro.
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00KH6PUC0/hemmerling-21|Lenovo Erazer X510 Desktop-PC (Intel Core i7-4770K, 3,9 GHz, 32GB RAM, 4 TB + 8GB SSHD, AMD Radeon R9 290/4G, Blu-Ray Player, Win 8.1) schwarz]] - without operating system.
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00L5H6Q3W/hemmerling-21|Dell 8700-2439 XPS Desktop-PC (Intel core i7 4790, 3,5GHz, 32GB RAM, 3TB HDD, 2GB AMD R9 270, DVD, Win 8) schwarz]] without operating system.
=== Desktop PCs for use with Automation ===
  *[[http://global.shuttle.com/news/productsDetail?productId=1767|Shuttle "Slim PC/ DS81"]], [[http://www.shuttle.eu/products/slim/ds81/|Shuttle Europe "Shuttle Barebone DS81"]] with 2x COM, 2 x Ethernet.
=== Fanless Desktop PCs ===
  *[[http://www.onlogic.com/de-de/computers/industrial/fanless/|OnLogic "Alle lüfterlosen Industrie-PCs"]].
  *[[http://www.shuttle.eu/en/products/slim|Shuttle Europe "XPC slim"]] - Desktop office PCs.
=== Notebooks for use with Automation ===
  *[[http://www.dell.de/business/notebooks/latitude|Dell Latitude]] - legacy models with floppy disk drive, serial COM1 interface.
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Latitude|EN.Wikipedia "Dell Latitude"]].
  *[[http://ts.fujitsu.com/products/deskbound/workstations/mobile.html|Fujitsu Siemens CELSIUS]] - with floppy disk drive ( just legacy models ? ), serial COM1 interface.
  *[[http://www.fujitsu.com/de/products/value4you/notebooks/lifebook-e/|Fujitsu LIFEBOOK E]], shipped with a serial port. Port replicating **"Docking Station" with serial COM1 and parallel printer interface** available :-). 
  *Hewlett Packard ProBooks.
    *HP Store -> "Geschäftskunden" :-).
      *[[http://h20386.www2.hp.com/GermanyStore/Merch/List.aspx?sel=PBNB|HP Store Deutschland - HP ProBook Notebook-PC]].
        *<del>[[http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/us/en/sm/WF05a/321957-321957-64295-3929941-3955552-5045605.html|HP ProBook 6560b]]</del> - Port replicating **"Docking Station" with serial COM1 and parallel printer interface** available :-). 15.6" display -> "6**5**60b", Firewire. 1600 x 900 graphics resulution.
        *HP ProBook 6475b - Port replicating **"Docking Station" with serial COM1 and parallel printer interface** available :-). 14" display -> "6**4**75b", Firewire. There are models with either 1.366 x 768 or 1600 x 900 graphics resulution ?!
        *HP ProBook 6570b" - Port replicating Docking station available :-). !5.6" display -> "6**5**70b". 1.366 x 768 graphics resulution :-(.
        *HP ProBook 4740s - Just USB docking station :-(. 17.3" display -> "4**7**40x", 1600 x900 graphics resultion.
      *[[http://h20386.www2.hp.com/GermanyStore/Merch/List.aspx?sel=BACC|HP Store Deutschland - Docking Stations]].
  *[[http://samsung.de/|Samsung]] P55 LXD T7250 - the extra docking station "Samsung X DOCK II DOCKING STATION" has a serial COM1 and parallel printer interface.
  *[[http://shop.lenovo.com/us/notebooks/thinkpad/t-series|IBM Lenovo T-Series]] - the extra docking station "ThinkPad Advanced Mini Dock" ( but not the "ThinkPad Essential Port Replicator" ) has a serial COM1 and parallel printer interface.
    *[[http://shop.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/web/LenovoPortal/catalog.workflow:show-category-with-items?category-id=34851FD360E5473EB9DFEB639312E18E|lenovo Docks & Port Replicators]].
=== Computer / Motherboards with VNC, UltraVNC, Intel vPro/AMT ===
  *See [[remoteaccess.html|Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients]], section "VNC, UltraVNC, Intel vPro/AMT".
=== IBM PowerLinux Server ===
  *The budget offer [[http://www.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/powerlinux/7r2/index.html|IBM "IBM PowerLinux 7R2 server. High-performance, energy-efficient server for Linux"]].
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerLinux|EN.Wikipedia "PowerLinux"]].
=== Embedded PCs for use with Automation ===
  *[[http://www.ics-d.de/|Industrial Computer Source (Deutschland) GmbH]].
    *[[http://www.ics-d.de/produkt/nuvo-7501-box-pc-embedded-pc-ipc-system-industrie-pc/|Industrial Computer Source
(Deutschland) GmbH "Nuvo-7501 Box PC"]], but with DVI video output, instead of HDMI video output :-(.
=== Rugged PCs and Tablets / Smartphones ===
  *[[http://www.getac.com/intl/|GETAC - Rugged Computing Solutions]].
=== Local Servers for Local Cloud ===
  *[[http://www.zdnet.com/article/canonicals-cloud-in-a-box-the-ubuntu-orange-box/|ZDNet "Canonical's cloud-in-a-box: The Ubuntu Orange Box"]], 2014 - "Canonical had an unexpected hit at OpenStack Summit: It's an Intel-powered, cloud-in-a-box".
=== Learning Computers for Children ===
  *[[http://www.lerncomputertests.com/|Lerncomputer Test 2020 - Besten 7 im Vergleich]].
=== Mini PCs ===
  *[[http://www.msn.com/de-de/lifestyle/shopping/bevor-sie-einen-laptop-kaufen-diese-alternative-k%C3%B6nnte-besser-f%C3%BCr-sie-sein/ar-AA1qfynf|MSN + PC-Welt "Bevor Sie einen Laptop kaufen: Diese Alternative könnte besser für Sie sein"]] - "Mini-PCs".
==== Motherboards ====
=== Selection Criteria ===
  *Legacy devices either as interface jacks on board, or even as true interface jacks at the computer's backfront:
    *Floppy disk.
    *IDE.
    *Serial COM1, COM2.
    *Printer.
=== General ===
  *AMD.
    *[[http://www.amd.com/us/products/desktop/chipsets/7-series-integrated/pages/amd-760g-chipset.aspx|AMD "AMD 760G Chipset. The AMD 760G Chipset with ATI Radeon 3000 Graphics]] - "Work on a PC that’s backwards compatible with many of the systems your business already has" -> With interfaces for classical "parallel ATA" devices.
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_AMD_chipsets|EN.Wikipedia "Comparison of AMD chipsets"]] - Section Southbridges", tables "AMD-xxx" and "A-Link Express" with column "Parallel ATA" -> With interfaces for classical "parallel ATA" devices.
  *ASUS.
    *[[http://www.asus.de/|ASUSTeK Computer Inc.]].
      *[[http://www.asus.de/Motherboards/|ASUSTeK Computer Inc. "Motherboards"]].
    *[[http://www.asrock.de/|ASRock Inc]].
    *Look for "Premium Boards" of ASUS -> extra equipment, legacy support.
  *[[http://www.foxconnchannel.com/|Foxconn]]
  *[[http://www.gigabyte.com/|GIGABYTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.]], [[http://www.gigabyte.de/|G.B.T. Technology Trading GmbH]].
  *[[http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/nuc/overview.html|Intel NUC]] boards.
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Unit_of_Computing|EN.Wikipedia "Next Unit of Computing"]].
  *[[http://www.msi-computer.de/|MSI Technology GmbH]].
  *[[http://www.supermicro.com/|Supermicro]].
=== Non-legcacy Motherboards and Computers with Motherboards equipped with ISA Slots ===
  *[[http://www.alptech.de/industrie_mainboards.htm|Alptech Elektronik GmbH "Industrie Mainboard ISA - PCI"]] -> Socket 775 CPUs, ISA slots, IDE interface.
  *[[http://www.ico.de/|ICO Innovative Computer GmbH]] - "Industriemainboards"  -> Socket 775 CPUs, ISA slots, IDE interface.
  *[[http://www.nixsys.com/index.php/products/isa-slot-workstation-and-servers.html|NIXSYS, Inc. "ISA Slot Computers"]].
=== Motherboards for 80x86 Embedded Systems ===
  *[[http://www.pcengines.ch/|PC Engines GmbH]].
    *[[http://www.pcengines.ch/alix.htm|PC Engines GmbH "ALIX system boards"]] - Be shure to select a board with VGA interface :-).
    *Vendor [[http://www.varia-store.com/|VARIA System GmbH]].
    *Vendor [[http://www.tronico.net/|Tronico.net, Inh. Dennis Nikodem]].
=== My former Motherboards ===
  *My former AT/486 green motherboard "QDI V4P895P3/SMT Vers. 4.0 (4+2)" by [[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.qdigrp.com/|Archive.org "QDI"]] ( - 2010-06-12, today: [[http://www.qdigrp.com/|Ramaxel Technology (Shenzhen) Co, Ltd]] ).
  *My former motherboard [[http://www.stason.org/TULARC/pc/motherboards/A/ASUS-COMPUTER-INTERNATIONAL-486-PCI-I-486SP3G.html|ASUS PCI/I-486SP3G]].
=== My Desktop Computers ===
== My Desktop Computer with "Asus A7V33" Motherboard ==
  *My PCI motherboard "Asus A7V33" with Athlon "XP2100" CPU.
    *[[http://www.cmedia.com.tw/EN/DownloadCenter_Detail.aspx?pserno=0&dtype=ALL|C-Media Electronics, Inc. - Download Center / Product Download - Driver]].
    *[[http://www.treiber.de/forum/thema/66025/C-Media-CMI8738-C3DX-Windows-7-Treiber/|Forum "Treiber.de", Thread "C-Media CMI8738/C3DX Windows 7 Treiber"]].
    *[[http://download.cnet.com/CMI8738-C3DX-PCI-Audio-Device/3000-2110_4-163508.html|CNET "CMI8738/C3DX PCI Audio Device"]] - Version 5.12.01.0639 for W2k, WinXP and Win7 :-).
== My Desktop Computer with "GIGABYTE GA-6BXC" Motherboard ==
  *My PCI motherboard [[http://www.gigabyte.de/products/product-page.aspx?pid=1445|GIGABYTE GA-6BXC]], with Intel 440BX chipset, 4 x PCI slots, 3 x ISA slots, 1 x AGP slot, 3 x SIMM sockets, equipped with a Pentium III CPU, 550 Mhz.
== My Desktop Computer with "Asus A7V33" Motherboard ==
  *Motherboard "MSI K9A2 Platinum V2".
    *[[http://www.msi.com/Motherboard/K9A2_Platinum_V2/|MSI "K9A2 Platinum V2"]].
      *"Memory Support:
        -DDR2 1066/800/667/533 DRAM (240pin/ 1.8V).
        -4 DDR2 DIMMs (8GB Max).
      *Memory 4x2GB RAM "F2-8000CL5D-4GBPK" ( [[http://www.gskill.com/product/165/180/1532585428/F2-8000CL5D-4GBPQ|G.Skill "F2-8000CL5D-4GBPQ"]] ).
        *[[http://de.msi.com/Motherboard/K9A2_Platinum/support|MSI Deutschland "K9A2 Platinum"]].
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM2%2B|EN.Wikipedia "Socket AM2+"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sockel_AM2%2B|DE.Wikipedia "Sockel AM2+"]].
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlon_II|EN.Wikipedia "Athlon II"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Athlon_II|DE.Wikipedia "AMD Athlon II"]].
    *[[http://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu.php?cpu=AMD+Athlon+II+X2+250&id=136|CPU Benchmarks "AMD Athlon II X2 250"]] - "Der Athlon II X2 250 verfügt nicht wie eine Reihe anderer AMD Prozessoren über einen freien Multiplikator. Dieses Feature ist den 'Black Edition' CPUs vorbehalten, die sich an Enthusiasten richten".
    *[[http://www.tweakpc.de/hardware/tests/cpu/athlon_ii_x2_250/s02.php|TweakPC "AMD Athlon II X2 250 im Test - Benchmarkvergleich (2/4)"]]
    *I bought as replacement [[http://www.ebay-kleinanzeigen.de/s-anzeige/msi-k9a2-platinum-v2-athlon-2-und-4gb-cpu-bundel/2398986077-225-4884|eBay.DE "MSI K9A2 Platinum V2, Athlon 2 und 4GB cpu bundel"]] - [[http://www.ebay-kleinanzeigen.de/m-benachrichtigungen.html|eBay.DE Benachrichtigungen]] -"Jetzt "Direkt kaufen" nutzen und von gratis DHL Versand profitieren. Aktionscode: VERSANDGRATIS" :-).
    *The serial port is optional, not equipped & soldered with many implementations of the mothboard :-(.
    *Installation tips:
      *The 10-pin front panel connector "JFP1" - 8-6 are the pins for the "power switch" interface cable.
      *The "Athlon 2" CPU is properly installed, if you read the "Athlon 2" labeling, and the memory banks are top of the CPU coolers for "Athlon 2" motherboards are shipped with a plate, which must be installed below the motherboard.
      *[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHVRq0WvnQI|YouTube "2 typische Fehler beim CPU Kühler Wechsel (Ben Nevis Alpenföhn Stresstest)"]].
        *Before you detach the CPU cooler, start the computer for 5min, so that the cooling paste beween CPU and the metal CPU cooler gets warm and soft.
        *If you failed with warming the cooling paste by starting the computer for 5min, detaching the CPU cooler might detach the CPU from motherboard too. The CPU and the metal CPU cooler are now a single unit. In such case, use a **hair heater** (!) to warm the cooling paste, so that you may separate CPU from CPU cooler :-).
     *[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7M5QnYcD1k0|YouTube "AMD CPU-Kühler Demontage - Tipps & Tricks"]].
  *Graphics card "CLUB3D CGAX-68724O Grafikkarte AMD 1 GB GDDR5".
    *[[http://icecat.biz/de/p/club3d/cgax-68724o/graphics+cards-cgax-68724o-6826425.html|icecat "CLUB3D CGAX-68724O Grafikkarte AMD 1 GB GDDR5"]].
  *[[http://www.galaxus.de/de/s1/product/chieftec-lcx-01b-b-sl-op-atx-e-atx-pc-gehaeuse-209686|Galaxus "Chieftec Lcx-01b-b-sl-op"]].
   *The PC power supply [[http://www.bequiet.com/de/powersupply/2153|be quiet! "DARK POWER 12, 750W"]].
     *My item has a 16A power interface, I was told by the "be quiet!" service: "Kaltgerätestecker in der 16A Variante – auch als C19/C20- oder Hochwattkabel bekannt".
        *16A power cable offers: [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B01FWQXCO2/hemmerling-21|VALUE Netzkabel Schutzkontakt- IEC320-C19 16A, schwarz, 2 m]].
=== Batteries for Motherboards ===
  *Battery "CR 2032", accu "LIR 2032".
    *Computers clocks of PC motherboards and other devices need batteries "CR 2032", not accus "LIR 2032". 
    *Do not confuse with batteries of the same size and numbers! 
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Button_cell|EN.Wikipedia "Button cell"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knopfzelle|DE.Wikipedia "Knopfzelle"]].
=== Accessories ===
  *[[http://www.pollin.de/|Pollin]] - USB interfaces:
    *#720 382 - "Slotblech mit 2 x USB-A-Buchsen auf 8-poligen Pfostenstecker".
    *#720 169 - "Slotblech mit 2xUSB-A-Buchsen auf 5polige Pfostenstecker".
==== Network Equipment ====
  *See [[network02.html|Network Tools 2/2 - Communications Hardware, Communication Applications & Drivers]].
==== 3D Printers ====
  *See [[vrml.html|Virtual Reality & Graphics]].

==== Printers ====
=== Printer Hardware ===
  *My Hewlett Packard Laserjet IIIP.
  *My Hewlett Packard Laserjet 4P.
=== Multifunctional Printer / Scanner Hardware ===
  *[[http://www.brother.de/drucker/multifunktionsdrucker/multifunktionsdrucker-laser|Brother.DE "Laser-Multifunktionsdrucker"]] - "Hochqualitative Farb- bzw. S/W-Ausdrucke, mit der zusätzlichen Möglichkeit zu scannen, zu kopieren und zu faxen".
    *[[http://www.brother.de/drucker/laserdrucker/mfc-l2710dw|Brother.DE "MFC-L2710DW"]].
      *"Kompaktes 4-in-1 S/W-Multifunktionsgerät mit Duplexdruck und LAN/WLAN".
    *[[http://www.brother.de/drucker/laserdrucker/mfc-l2730dw|Brother.DE "MFC-L2730DW"]].
      *"Kompaktes 4-in-1 S/W-Multifunktionsgerät mit Duplexdruck und LAN/WLAN".
      *"BR-Script3 (PostScript 3 Emulation), PCL 6".
  *"Samsung Xpress SL-M2070"
    *No Duplex option :-(.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00EFQRAPS/hemmerling-21|Samsung Xpress SL-M2070/XEC Laser Multifunktionsgerät (Drucken, scannen, kopieren)]].
    *[[http://support.hp.com/us-en/drivers/selfservice/samsung-xpress-sl-m2070-laser-multifunction-printer-series/16450377|HP Customer Support - Software and Driver Downloads "Software and drivers for Samsung Xpress SL-M2070 Laser Multifunction Printer series"]].
    *[[http://www.bedienungsanleitung-deutsch.de/samsung-xpress-m2070|Bedienungsanleitung-Deutsch "Samsung Xpress M2070 Bedienungsanleitung / Handbuch Download PDF"]].
  *[[http://www.netzvergleiche.de/laser-multifunktionsdrucker/|Netzvergleiche "Laser-Multifunktionsdrucker Vergleich. Die 7 besten Multifunktionslaserdrucker im Vergleich 2020"]].
=== Software Drivers for Windows 7, 8, 10 ===
  *[[http://h20564.www2.hp.com/hpsc/swd/public/detail?swItemId=ds_99377_9&swEnvOid=4131|HP Support Center "HP Universal Print Driver for Windows PCL5 (32-bit)"]].
  *[[http://h20564.www2.hp.com/hpsc/swd/public/detail?swItemId=ds_99378_9&swEnvOid=4063|HP Support Center "HP Universal Print Driver for Windows PCL5 (64-bit)"]].
=== Printer Refill Services ===
  *[[http://www.cw-hannover.de/|Cartridge World Hannover]].
=== Toner Cartriges ===
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00000J19W/hemmerling-21|Amazon.DE "HP 92275A TONER bis zu 3.500 Seiten für LaserJet IIP / IIIP / IIP Plus"]].
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B003COCCIY/hemmerling-21|Amazon.DE "Kores Tonerkartuschen für Modell Laserjet 4L, 4ML, 4P, 4MP, 3350 Seiten, schwarz"]].
=== Resources ===
  *Tutorial [[http://www.karos-toner.de/anl0692a.htm|Karos-Toner - Tinte, Toner und Computerzubehör "Toner - Nachfüllung Kartusche HP LaserJet"]].
  *Blog [[http://hplaserjet1010onwindows10.blogspot.de/|"HP LaserJet 1010 on Windows 10" Blog]].
    * [[http://hplaserjet1010onwindows10.blogspot.de/2015/08/instructions-to-install-drivers-for-hp.html|"HP LaserJet 1010 on Windows 10" Blog, Article "Instructions to install drivers for HP LaserJet 1010 on Windows 10"]], 2015.
==== Sound ====
=== Soundcards ===
  *[[http://www.creative.com/soundblaster/|Creative Technology Ltd. "Creative Soundblaster"]].
    *The manufacturer of the CREATIVE SOUNDBLASTER-PRO soundcard (8-bit, stereo, half-duplex) I once owned, and the manufacturer of my CREATIVE SOUNDBLASTER-16 ISA NON-PNP soundcard.
=== Noise Feedback Loops ===
== Hardware Solutions to avoid Noise Feedback Loops ==
  *[[http://www.holmco.de/|Holmco]] SoundConnector ( [[http://www.conrad.de/|CONRAD.de]] # 99 34 92-62 ) - to avoid noise feedback loops with computer-to-amplifier connections.
  *[[http://www.ratho.com/|Ratho]] GLI-18 ( [[http://www.conrad.de/|CONRAD.de]] # 311405-62 ) - to avoid noise feedback loops with computer-to-amplifier connections.
== Resources ==
  *[[http://www.heise.de/-326826|Heise "Brummschleife im PC"]], C´t 14/09.
  *[[http://www.heise.de/-295054|Heise "Brummschleife
Wenn ich den Ausgang meiner Soundkarte mit der HiFi-Anlage verbinde, kommt ein tiefer Brummton aus den HiFi-Boxen"]], C´t 24/05.
  *[[http://www.heise.de/-304386|Heise "Digital brummt"]], C´t 25/98.
=== Headsets & Headphones ===
== My Headphones ==
  *The silver headphone "Sennheiser HD 420", 6.35mm phone connector ( resident headphone in Bielefeld ).
  *The blue headphone "Sennheiser HD 435 Manhattan", 6.35mm phone connector.
    *My [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B07PN847KS/hemmerling-21|1 Paar Ohrpolster Kissen Abdeckung Ohrpolster Ohrpolster Ohrenschützer Ersatz Kompatibel mit Sennheiser HD420 HD433 HD435 Kopfhörer HD 420 433 435]] - 2 pieces #.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B09Q8LKMP2/hemmerling-21|TaiZiChangQin Schaumstoff-Ohrpolster kompatibel mit Sennheiser HD-435 HD435 HD 435 Kopfhörer, 4 Stück]] - 4 pieces.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B081W18QL8/hemmerling-21|Ersatz-Ohrpolster für Sennheiser HD420 HD433 HD435 Kopfhörer HD 420 433 435, Velours, Schwarz]] - 2 pieces.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B081J1YH7D/hemmerling-21|Ersatz-Ohrpolster kompatibel mit Sennheiser HD420 HD433 HD435 Kopfhörer HD 420 433 435]] - 2 pieces.
  *The silver headphone "Sennheiser HD 457", 3.5mm phone connector.
  *The silver headphone "Sennheiser Headmax MX400", 3.5mm phone connector.
  *The silver/black headphone "Koss UR5", 3.5mm phone connector.
== My Headset ==
  *My [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B08M3FCM48/hemmerling-21|Headset Handy 3,5mm Klinke mit Mikrofon Noise Cancelling, PC Kopfhörer für iPhone Laptop Computer Skype Webinar Business Office Call Center, Kristallklar Chat, Super Leicht]].
== My USB headset "Logitech H960 Office USB Headset with Noise-Canceling Mic" ==
  *My USB headset by [[http://www.logitech.com/|Logitech]]:
    *[[http://www.logitech.com/en-roeu/product/usb-headset-h960|Logitech "Logitech H960 Office USB Headset with Noise-Canceling Mic"]].
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0013N474I/hemmerling-21|Logitech 960 Kopfhörer mit Mikrofon, Stereo-Headset, Verstellbares Mikrofon mit Rauschunterdrückung, Integrierter Lautstärkeregler, Stummschaltung, USB-Anschluss, 2.4m Kabel, PC/Mac/Laptop - Schwarz]].
  *Headphone pads, fitting for "Logitech 960" :-)?!
    *My [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0BFL2CZJM/hemmerling-21|TaiZiChangQin PC 960 Ohrpolster Ohrpolster Mikrofon Schaumstoff Kit Ersatz kompatibel mit Logitech PC Headset 960 USB (Protein Leather Ohrpolster)]] - 2 pieces #.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B07S8P5NQZ/hemmerling-21|Haobase 5 Paar 5cm Earpads Kopfhorer Ohrkissen Ohrpolster Ersatz fur Kopfhorer]] - 10 pieces.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B089T5PXQ3/hemmerling-21|Ganbary Ersatz Ohrpolster für Ohrhörer, 5 Paar, Kopfhörerpolster Schaumschwamm Polster Earpads mit hohe Elastizität, 50mm, Schwarz]] - 10 pieces.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B07V6BFCM9/hemmerling-21|Kopfhörerpolster Ohrpolster Schaumstoff, TesRank Ersatz Kopfhörer Ohrkissen Ohrhörer Pad Kopfhörer-Abdeckung mit Weiche Qualität für Kopfhörer 49-53mm/1.93"-2.1" - Schwarz, 8 Stück]] - 8 pieces.
== USB ==
  *USB headsets by [[http://www.logitech.com/|Logitech]].
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B008S1IOCY/hemmerling-21|Logitech H340 USB Headset for PC and Mac]].
  *USB headsets by [[http://www.agentheadsets.com/|agent headsets]].
    *[[http://www.agentheadsets.com/headsets/corded-headsets/2/cpg2548.aspx|agent headsets "agent corded headsets"]].
      -Single-earpiece heasdset [[http://www.agentheadsets.com/headsets/corded-headsets/ag-1/2/ppg2548_17072.aspx|agent headsets  "AG-1 single-ear ultra noice-cancelling headset"]] with foam.
      -Double-earpiece heasdset [[http://www.agentheadsets.com/headsets/corded-headsets/ag-2/2/ppg2548_17073.aspx|agent headsets  "AG-2 double-ear ultra noice-cancelling headset"]] with foam.
      -Single-earpiece heasdset "agent AP-1 USB".
      -Double-earpiece heasdset "agent AP-2 USB".
  *USB headsets by Creative:
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B002DS4HTM/hemmerling-21|Creative Fatal1ty Gaming Headset]] - Headphones + microphone.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000P5VR16/hemmerling-21|Creative Fatal1ty Pro Series HS-800 Gaming Headset]] - Headphones + microphone.
  *USB headsets by [[http://www.sennheiser.com/|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG]]:
    *[[http://en-de.sennheiser.com/office-wired-headsets|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG "Wired Headsets"]].
      *[[http://en-de.sennheiser.com/pc-usb-office-headset-sc-30-usb-ml|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG "SC 30 USB ML"]].
== Headphones with 3.5mm (2x) PC Speaker Jacks ==
  *Traditional headsets with 3.5mm PC speaker jacks, by [[http://www.cabstone.com/en/products/headsets/productview/comfort_gaming_headset/|cabstone - Comfort Gaming Headset]].
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B002QEYOGE/hemmerling-21|Cabstone Comfort Gaming Headset (Stereo Headset, Noise-Canceling, gepolstert, 2,2 m Kabel, 3,5 mm Klinke) schwarz/silber]].
== Headsets with 3.5mm (4x) PC Speaker Jacks ==
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B08M3DTL3K/hemmerling-21|PC Headset Handy für iPhone Laptop Computer, Kopfhörer Handy 3,5mm Klinke mit Mikrofon für Smartphone Skype Webinar Business Office Call Center, Kristallklar Chat, Super Leicht]].
== 3.5mm PC Speaker Jacks + USB Converter ==
  *Headsets by [[http://www.hyperxgaming.com/|HyperX]].
    *[[http://de.hyperx.com/collections/gaming-headsets|HyperX "Gaming-Kopfhörer"]].
      *[[http://de.hyperx.com/collections/gaming-headsets/products/hyperx-cloud-ii|HyperX "HyperX Cloud II – Gaming-Kopfhörer"]] - "Connection Type: Wired 3.5mm (4-pole CTIA), Wired USB".
        *It was recommended to my by an advanced gamer :-).
== Vendors which offer both USB and 3.5mm PC Speaker Jacks Models ==
  *[[http://www.trust.com/de/gaming/headphones|Trust International B.V. "Kopfhörer"]].
    *Traditional headsets with 3.5mm PC speaker jacks [[http://www.trust.com/de/product/21472-gxt-784-gaming-headset-mouse|Trust International B.V.  "GXT 784 Gaming Headset & Mouse"]].
== Wireless ==
  *Wireless headsets by [[http://www.jabra.com.de/|Jabra]], with 1 or 2 speakers.
  *Wireless headsets by [[http://www.sennheiser.com/|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG]]:
    *[[http://en-de.sennheiser.com/headsets|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG "Office & Contact Center Headsets"]].
      *[[http://en-de.sennheiser.com/mb-660|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG "MB 660 Serie"]].
        *[[http://en-de.sennheiser.com/wireless-headset-office-phone-mb-660-uc|Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG "MB 660 UC"]].
=== Converter Cables & Interface Jacks ===
== 3.5mm audio Splitter 2 x (2x) male for PC - (4x) female to attach a smartphone-compatible Headset ==
  *My [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B071YLK6LB/hemmerling-21|MillSO 3,5mm Audio Klinke Y Kabel Adapter -1 x 3,5mm 4 Pole Buchse 2 x 3,5mm 3 Pole Stecker für PC, PS4 Gaming Kopfhörer - 100CM Schwarz]] - 1.00m cable.
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B07K3Z87RS/hemmerling-21|SUCESO Audio Splitter Y Adapter 3.5mm Buchse auf Doppel 3.5mm Klinkenstecker Headset Mikrofon Adapter Audio Splitter Kabel kompatibel mit Kopfhörer, PC, PS4, Gaming Headset, Laptop usw - 35cm(Schwarz)]] - 1.00m cable.
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0B3WY1R2X/hemmerling-21|YHEMI Audio Splitter, Headset Splitter 0.3M(Double 3.5mm Male auf 3.5mm Female) Headset Adapter 1 auf 2 Klinke für Kopfhörer, Headset, Laptop, PC usw.]], 0.3m cable.
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B075WTK8X5/hemmerling-21|deleyCON Headset PC Laptop Adapter - Audio Klinken Y Adapter Kabel Stereo - 1x 3,5mm Klinke Buchse auf 2X 3,5mm Klinke Stecker - Smartphone Headset an PC oder Laptop]] - Short cable.
== 3.5mm audio Splitter to attach 2 audio sources (2x) to a single set of speakers (4x), not suitable for Headsets == 
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B01HD1HC04/hemmerling-21|3,5 mm Stereo Buchse auf 2 Männliche Y-Splitter-Audiokabel 1,8M, Ancable Buchse auf 2 Dual Stecker AUX Mic Splitter Klinke Kabel für Lautsprecher, Kopfhörer, PC, Laptop, Aluminium-Stecker ]] - 1.80m cable.
== 3.5mm audio Splitter (4x) male for Smartphone - 2 x (2x) female to attach a Headphone & Microphone == 
  *My [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B07252L46K/hemmerling-21|MillSO Kopfhörer Adapter Splitter 3.5mm Audio Klinke Y Kabel (3.5mm Stereo Klinkenstecker auf 2X 3,5mm Buchse) für PC Gaming Headset (Nicht für Zwei Kopfhörer), PS4, Xbox One, Smartphones und Laptop]].
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B075WV6HD2/hemmerling-21|deleyCON Kopfhörer Headset Splitter - Audio Klinken Y Adapter Kabel Stereo - 1x 3,5mm Klinke Stecker auf 2X 3,5mm Klinke Buchse - Kopfhörer und Mikrofon auf 1x Klinke Anschluss]].
=== USB, BlueTooth & WiFi Sound systems ===
  *[[http://www.makita.de/products/akku-lampen-und-baustellenradios-cxt-12v-max.html|Makita Werkzeug GmbH "Akku-Lampen und -Baustellenradios CXT 12V max."]].
    *[[http://www.makita.de/product/dmr202.html|Makita Werkzeug GmbH "Bluetooth-Lautsprecher DMR202"]] - "Bluetooth, AUX- und USB-Anschluss. Letzteres auch zum Aufladen eines Smartphones".
  *[[http://www.soundcore.com/de/products/motion-x600-a3130011|Soundcore "Motion X600 | Hochwertiger, kabelloser Lautsprecher"]].
    *"Ja, der Motion X600 hat ein eingebautes Mikrofon".
    *[[http://www.saunafans.de/forum/viewthread.php?boardid=27&thid=718|Saunafans "Sammelthread: Bluetooth-Lautsprecher und andere Sound-Systeme für die Sauna"]].
      *"Handy liegt im Vorraum. Mit dieser Box kann man im Notfall auch mal telefonieren".
      *"Also diese Box kann das. Habe ich durch Zufall herausgefunden, als mich mal jemand anrief. Die meisten Boxen können das aber nicht. Haben normalerweise kein Mikrophon verbaut. Unter den FAQ's kann man das Mikrophon sehen".
=== Resources ===
  *To attach a USB headset to a smartphone, you need a OTG (On The Go) cable which is merely a female USB-A to male USB-micro/C adapter :-).
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/s?k=headset+y+splitter|Amazon.DE - Search for "headset y splitter"]].
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/s?k=3.5mm+klinkenkabel+4+polig+splitter|Amazon.DE - Search for "3.5mm klinkenkabel 4 polig splitter"]].
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio)|DE.Wikipedia "Phone connector (audio)"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinkenstecker|DE.Wikipedia "Klinkenstecker"]].
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset_(audio)|DE.Wikipedia "Headset (audio)"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headset|DE.Wikipedia "Headset"]].
===== Power Supply =====
  *The 230 Volts power distributor [[http://www.ivt-hirschau.de/|Innovative Versorgungstechnik GmbH]] - "Sicherheitstechnik" / "PC-Power-Manager PM6".
  *The PC power supply [[http://www.corsair.com/de/builder-series-cx500.html|Corsair CX 500]].
  *I was told that the cheap PC power supply "LC-P HM-780" has many legacy power interfaces for legacy devices ( floppy, hdd, CD-ROM drive ) :-), but I did not yet check that.
  *The PC power supply manufacturer [[http://www.bequiet.com/|be quiet!]].
    *[[http://www.bequiet.com/de/spareparts|be quiet! "Ersatzteilshop"]].
      *"Kategorie = Netzteile".
      *"Serie = DarkPower".
      *"Unterserie = DarkPowerPro 9" ( "DarkPowerPro 7" is not available ).
    *[[http://www.bequiet.com/de/contact/spareparts|be quiet! "Kontakt / Ersatzteile"]].
      *"Kategorie = Netzteile".
      *"Serie = DarkPower".
      *"Unterserie = DarkPowerPro 7".
      *"Produktname = Dark Power Pro 7" ( 4th "Dark Power Pro 7" from below ) => "Dark Power Pro 7 Artikelnummer BN074".
    *[[http://www.bequiet.com/de/download/products|be quiet! "Download / Produktmaterial"]].
      *"Kategorie = Netzteile".
      *"Serie = DarkPower".
      *"Unterserie = DarkPowerPro 7".
    *Products:
      *The PC power supply [[http://www.bequiet.com/de/powersupply/2153|be quiet! "DARK POWER 12, 750W"]].
        *Possible replacement [[http://computerstoreberlin.de/Be-Quiet-Dark-Power-Pro-P7-650W-ATX-Netzteil-650-Watt-80-teilmodular-318520|Computer Store Berlin "Be Quiet Dark Power Pro P7 650W ATX Netzteil 650 Watt 80+ teilmodular #318520"]], but with usual standard power interface jack.
    *Reviews:
      *[[http://www.pcgameshardware.de/Netzteil-Hardware-219902/News/Be-quiet-Dark-Power-Pro-P7-1000W-Test-1128294/|PCGamesHardware "Be quiet Dark Power Pro P7 1000W im Test: Heute noch konkurrenzfähig?"]], 2014 - Photo with US-style power interface! "Herausgekommen ist der Test eines gebrauchten Be quiet Dark Power Pro P7 1000W im PC-Games-Hardware-Extreme-Forum".
        *[[http://www.pcgameshardware.de/PCGH-Extreme-Forum-Brands-217997/|PCGH "PCGH-Extreme-Forum (Brands)"]] - News channel.
        *[[http://extreme.pcgameshardware.de/|PCGH "Die Hardware-Community für PC-Spieler - PCGH Extreme"]] - The forum.
      *[[http://www.hardwareluxx.de/community/threads/be-quiet-dark-power-pro-p7-passt-neues-p8-kabel.1215818/|XXXHardwareLUX "Be Quiet Dark power pro p7 passt neues p8 kabel?"]], 2018 - "Be Quiet Dark Power pro PQT-P7-650W", "Nein, kein modernes Kabel passt an das P7! Und da das auch inzwischen 10 Jahre+ ist, ...".
===== Software =====
==== Databases / Link Directories for Firmware, BIOS and ( Windows, MSDOS ) Drivers ====
  *See [[software.html|Software]].

==== Software Applications ====
  *[[http://www.heise.de/ct/c-t-Systeminfo-473388.html|C´t Systeminfo]] - Special free PC system information tools, including "Patch für Borland-Pascal Programme bei Verwendung von Pentium II/II oder Athlon über 550 MHz".
  *The Shareware memory tester software [[http://www.goldmemory.cz/|GoldMemory*Thorough Stand-alone Memory Test ]] for Windows.
  *The free memory tester software [[http://www.memtest86.com/|BradyTech Inc. "Memtest86"]] - "A comprehensive stand-alone memory diagnostic".
===== Benchmarks =====
  *[[http://www.game-debate.com/games/index.php?g_id=6236&game=War%20Thunder#systemCheck|Game Debate "War Thunder - Test my PC. Can I run War Thunder?"]].
    *[[http://www.game-debate.com/games/index.php?g_id=6236&game=War+Thunder&p_make=Intel&p_deriv=Core+i7-3770+4-Core+3.4GHz&gc_make=Nvidia&gc_deriv=GeForce+GT+740&ram=32|Game Debate "War Thunder - Test my PC. Can I run War Thunder?", Result for the notebook computer "ASUS K95VB"]].
===== Literature ( Computer Magazines ) =====
  *[[http://www.heise.de/ct/|Heise Verlag "c't Magazin - Magazin für Computertechnik"]].
    *[[http://www.heise.de/plus/|Heise Verlag "heise+"]], [[http://www.heise.de/email-registrierung|Heise Verlag "E-Mail Registrierung"]] for subscribers, 2022-12.
===== Resources =====
  *Blog [[http://www.piratenpc.de/|AG PiratenPC - Dies ist der offizielle Blog der AG PiratenPC]].
  *[[http://www.stason.org/TULARC/pc/|Stas Bekman "Personal Computers (PCs) info"]] - "Motherboards Jumper Settings: A-Z", "Network Cards Specs: A-Z",...
  *[[http://www.bios-info.de/|BIOS Kompendium]].
  *[[http://www.dau-alarm.de/|DAU-Alarm]] #.
    *Wiki [[http://www.jumbo.li/wiki/|WikiDAUia]] - "Wiki der DAU-Alarm Community".
  *[[http://www.jumbo.li/forum/|DAU-Alarm Forum]].
  *[[http://www.druckerchannel.de/|Druckerchannel - Das Drucker-Fachmagazin]].
  *FAQs.
    *[[http://www.dch-faq.de/|FAQ der de.comp.hardware-cpu+mainboard-Hierarchie]], 2006-02-27.
  *FCC IDs.
    *[[http://transition.fcc.gov/oet/ea/fccid/|FCC (Federal Communications Commission) Office of Engineering and Technology) "Equipment Authorization - FCC ID Search Page"]].
    *[[http://www.plasma-online.de/|Plasma-Online]] - Hardware database. Search for FCC numbers and chip printings.
  *[[http://www.gametechwiki.com/|Game Tech Wiki]]. 
    *[[http://emulation.gametechwiki.com/|Emulation General Wiki ( Emugen ) of Game Tech Wiki]].
      *[[http://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/List_of_computers|Emulation General Wiki ( Emugen ) of Game Tech Wiki "List of computers"]].
  *[[http://www.hardwarebook.info/|The Hardware Book ( HwB )]] - "Internet's largest free collection of connector pinouts and cable descriptions".
  *[[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.geocities.com/markuskauer/usb.html|Archive.org "Markus Kauer 'USB Connectors on my motherboards'"]] ( - 2009-04-28 ).
  *[[http://motherboard.8k.com/|Motherboard Manuals Data and More]].
  *[[http://developer.oculusvr.com/forums/|Oculus Developer Forums]].
  *[[http://www.pcguide.com/|The PC Guide]].
    *[[http://www.pcguide.com/ts/x/sys/beep/|The PC Guide "Troubleshooting BIOS Beep Codes"]].
  *[[http://www.tomshardware.com/|Tom's Hardware - The Authority on Tech]].
  *[[http://www.tweakpc.de/|Tweak PC - Hardware Guide]].
===== Forums, Newsgroups =====
  *[[http://forums.creative.com/|Creative Technology Ltd. "Creative Discussion Forum"]].
  *[[http://forums.driverguide.com/|DriverGuide - Forum]].
  *Facebook.
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/416901795174581/|Facebook "Computer repair, Laptop repair, Phone repair, Tablet repair"]].
  *[[http://forums.geforce.com/|GeForce Forums]].
  *[[http://groups.google.com/group/maus.hardware/|Google Groups "maus.hardware"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/fido.ger.hardware/|Google Groups "fido.ger.hardware"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt/|Google Groups "alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.comp.hardware.pc-homebuilt/|Google Groups "alt.comp.hardware.pc-homebuilt"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.laptops/|Google Groups "comp.sys.laptops"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.laptops/|Google Groups "comp.laptops"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc/|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc/|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.systems/|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.systems"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.chips/|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.chips"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.comm/|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.comm"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.video/|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.video"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group//|Google Groups "comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.video"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.comp.periphs.cdr/|Google Groups "alt.comp.periphs.cdr"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.asus/|Google Groups "alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.asus"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.tyan/|Google Groups "alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.tyan"]],  [[http://groups.google.com/group/de.comp.misc/|Google Groups "de.comp.misc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/de.comp.periph.misc/|Google Groups "de.comp.periph.misc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/de.sci.electronics/|Google Groups "de.sci.electronics"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/uk.comp.misc/|Google Groups "uk.comp.misc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/aus.computers.ibm-pc/|Google Groups "aus.computers.ibm-pc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.computer.drivers.wanted/|Google Groups "alt.computer.drivers.wanted"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/de.comp.hardware.monitore/|Google Groups "de.comp.hardware.monitore"]].
  *[[http://www.internetforen.de/|Internetforen]].
    *[[http://www.internetforen.de/viewforum.php?f=16|Internetforen - Hardwareforen]] - "AMI BIOS", "Award BIOS", "Phoenix BIOS"...#.
  *[[http://forums.lenovo.com/|Lenovo Community]].
  *[[http://www.thinkpad-forum.de/|ThinkPad-Forum]].
  *[[http://www.treiber-forum.de/forum/|Treiber-Forum - Forum]] - Subforum "Treiber".
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