====== [hemmerling] Electric Units & Electronics 1/3 - My Electronics, Electronics Workbench Equipment, Electronics Literature & Resources ======
Related pages:
  *[[electronics02.html|Electric Units & Electronics 2/3 - Actors, Sensors, Embedded Systems Electronics and suitable Control Systems]].
  *[[electronics03.html|Electric Units & Electronics 3/3 - Manufacturers, Distributors, Vendors & Datasheets]].
  *[[eda01.html|Electronic Design Automation ( EDA ) 1/5 - Installation Engineering]].
  *[[eda02.html|Electronic Design Automation ( EDA ) 2/5 - Schematics Capture, Schematics Simulation and PCB Design]].
  *[[eda03.html|Electronic Design Automation ( EDA ) 3/5 - Design for Application-Specific Integrated Circuits ( ASIC ) - Design of digital Chips]].
  *[[eda04.html|Electronic Design Automation ( EDA ) 4/5 - Design for Application-Specific Integrated Circuits ( ASIC ) - Design of analog Chips]].
  *[[eda05.html|Electronic Design Automation ( EDA ) 5/5 - Design for Application-Specific Integrated Circuits ( ASIC ) - A simple Frequency Divider]].
{{images:electron.jpg|Rolf Hemmerling's electronics equipment and literature}}
===== My personal Involvement in Electronics =====
==== My Way ====
  *As you see on the photo, I started with a number of [[http://ee.old.no/|electronics kit by Philips]]: EE 2003 / 41 / 50 / 51 / 52, EE 2004 / 05 / 06, EE 2013 / 2010, EE 2014, EE 3020 / 3023 ( video ) and Philips/Quelle 345 44 10 ( infrared and ultrasonic ). Unfortunately, I missed the EE 2007 and EE 2008 kits ( radar, oscilloscope, TV). If you live in Europe and own any of these two kits and if you are willing to sell for a fair price, then feel free to [[imprint.html|contact me]], please ! In the 90th, [[http://www.schuco.de/|Schuco]] manufacured different kits based on the original technology: "Elektronics-Profi-Lab" ( basic kit "D" ), "Fibreoptics Technics" ( add-on kit ), "Electronics-Instrumentation" ( basic kit "G" ), "Physics A / Electrotechnics", "Physics B / Solartechnics".
  *I got some fischertechnik electrotechnics and electronics kits ( "Hobby-4" of the 70th, "Electromechanics" and "Electronics" of the 80th ). Check my [[fischertechnik.html|web page about fischertechnik]] !
  *I got the KOSMODYNE (R) switchbox by KOSMOS, so I am able to switch 230 Volts devices by low voltage electronics, fischertechnik and computers
  *I did my first steps in the digital world by the "digi-buch 1" by Elector Publishing, which was accompanied by a printed circuit board ( see the board at the bottom of the picture ).
  *I never was a great "solderer". For the APPLE II, I still assembled a few cards by free-wire techniques, but it was a pain. For my IBM-XT computer ( equipped with 640 KByte memory ), I soldered a CMOS memory expansion card provided by [[http://www.heise.de/|HEISE Publishing]] and [[http://www.emedia.de/|eMedia GmbH]] to get physical "upper memory". I soldered several connectors for serial, video and Ethernet cables. That it was ! Sorry, my expericence in development of printed circuit boards is very ..limited. Today I prefer simulations like PC-SPICE ( see my web page about [[eda02.html|Electronic Design Automation ( EDA )]] ), but I still keep my electronics kits for further future use.
  *I am interested in [[embedded.html|microcontrollers]].
    *In Summer 1999, I was involved for two month in an instrumentation project using 80C166 microcontrollers. I created an interface card for a ready-to-go microcontroller board, using wrapping and soldering techniques.
    *Additionally, I got an [[coldfire.html|MCF5206 COLDFIRE evaluation board]] in 1997 and since 2010 many other microcontroller evaluation boards, with focus on [[arm.html|ARM]], [[atmel.html|Atmel]] and [[renesas.html|Renesas]]. 
  *So maybe some day I am going to do some electronic hardware interfacing, again ! I am quite an expert for [[computer.html|PC-Hardware]], by the way !
==== Philips "EE" Electronic Experiment Kits ====
  *[[http://ee.old.no/|Tor Gjerde "Philips 'EE' electronic experiment kits"]].
  *[[http://www.fieros.de/philips/EE2007.html|Oliver Scholz "Philips EE2007 Experimentierkasten"]].
==== My Literature ====
=== My favourite Electronics Books ===
  *"Halbleiter-Schaltungstechnik" by Ulrich Tietze, Christoph Schenk, Springer Publishing.
  *"The TTL Data Book for Design Engineers", by Texas Instruments.
  *"Operationsverstärker" by Johannes Krämer, TOPP Publishing, "Buchreihe Elektronik", volume 79.
=== My favourite Maths Books for Engineering ===
  *"Taschenbuch der Mathematik" by I.N.Bronstein and K.A.Semendjajew, published by [[http://www.europa-lehrmittel.de/content-474-474/edition_harri_deutsch/|Europa-Lehrmittel, Edition Harri Deutsch]] ( formerly:  [[http://www.harri-deutsch.de/|Harry Deutsch Verlag]] ) with HTML version on CD, english version available,  and [[http://www.springer.com/springer+vieweg|Springer Vieweg]] ( formerly: [[http://www.teubner.de/|B.G.Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft]] ).
=== Some other reputable Electronics Books ===
  *"Das große Werkbuch Elektronik" by Dieter Nürmann.
    *One volume of 1984.
    *Four volumes ( volume I-IV ) of 1998.
  *"Das kleine Werkbuch Elektronik" by Dieter Nürmann of 1994.
  *"Technik für Nichttechniker" by "Ausbildung Radio und Fernsehen DRS, CH-8052 Zürich", (c)1977. Available at TIB Hannover :-).


==== Resources ====
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_color_code|EN.Wikipedia "Electronic color code"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widerstand_%28Bauelement%29#Farbkodierung_auf_Widerst.C3.A4nden|DE.Wikipedia "Widerstand (Bauelement)"]] - Section "Farbkodierung auf Widerständen".
===== Special Hardware =====
==== Surface-mounted Devices ( SMD ) ====
=== SMT ===
  *[[http://www.busboard.us/|BusBoard Prototype Systems Ltd. "SMT Pads - For SMT parts"]] - "SMTpads-3U-Thin - surface mount proto PCB. Square pad grid for 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, and other SMT parts with a ground plane".
  *[[http://www.schmartboard.com/|SchmartBoards]] - "SchmartBoard is the destination for people who want to hand solder surface mount (SMT) components".
    *[[http://www.schmartboard.com/index.asp?page=products_smttodip|SchmartBoards - SMT to DIP Adapters]].
    *[[http://www.schmartboard.com/index.asp?page=products_qfp&id=66|SchmartBoards - QFP Packages]].
  *[[http://www.adafruit.com/categories/126|Adafruit "Prototyping / SMT / SMD"]].
=== Manhattan Style ===
  *[[http://www.ehow.com/how_7350666_do-manhattan-style-soldering.html|eHow - Trusted advice for the curious life "How to Do Manhattan Style Soldering"]].
    *[[http://www.elm-chan.org/docs/wire/wiring_e.html|The Electronic Lives Manufacturing - presented by ChaN "Progressive Wiring Techniques"]].
=== Resources ===
  *[[http://www.eevblog.com/2011/06/21/eevblog-181-dead-bug-prototype-soldering/|David L. Jones, EEVblog "EEVblog #181 – Dead Bug Prototype Soldering"]].

==== Electric Workbench Equipment  & Electric Laboratory Equipment ====
=== General ===
=== Electronic Kits ===
== Brick 'R' Knowledge ==
  *[[http://www.brickknowledge.de/|Brick 'R' Knowledge]] by [[http://www.allnet.de/|ALLNET GmbH]].
== Philips / Schuco ==
  *See above.
== Kosmos ==
=== Microscopes to help the assembly of SMD circuits ===
  *[[http://www.mueller-optronic.com/|Groß- und Einzelhandel Müller GmbH - Ihr Onlinehändler für optische Messtechnik, Mikroskope und Zubehör]].
    *[[http://www.mueller-optronic.com/Mikroskope/Zoom-Mikroskope/Expert-Trino-Zoom-Mikroskop-180x::405.html|Groß- und Einzelhandel Müller GmbH "Trino Stereo Zoom Microscope Expert-T"]].
=== Patch Panels, Breadboards & Electric Wire ====
  *[[http://www.avr-praxis.de/forum/showthread.php?1473-Steckboard|AVR-Praxis "Steckboard"]].
    *"Es gibt auch super Kabel aus dem Pyrotechnikbereich, die für Steckboardexperimente Top geeignet sind. Nennen sich Verschleissdraht"
  *[[http://www.verschleissdraht.de/|Verschleissdraht.de]].
  *Pin connectors ( "Pfostenstecker" ) for Arduino boards, size 0.6mm x 0.8mm.
  *Cable for breadboards: 2mm x 0.6mm.
===== Smoke Detectors =====
==== Tools ====
  *[[http://www.kidde-rauchmelder.de/index.php?content=7|D-Secour European Safety Products GmbH "Kidde Rauchmelder Q2"]].
  *[[http://www.pearl.de/mtrkw-1278-rauchmelder.shtml|Pearl Agency "Rauchmelder"]]. The old and the new model have different spacing of the drill holes :-(.
    -"VisorTech Feuer-Rauchmelder: Fotoelektrischer Rauchwarnmelder RWM-100 V2, geprüft nach EN 14604", 2021.
      *Cross-head flat-head screw ( for wood / rawlplug ( German: Dübel ), 25mm length - Very low quality of the *Cross-head flat-head :-(.
    -"VisorTech Feuer-Rauchmelder: Fotoelektrischer Rauchwarnmelder RWM-100 V1, geprüft nach EN 14604", 2017 - Out of Sale :-(.
  *[[http://www.toom.de/p/rauchmelder-ei650-mit-10-jahres-batterie/9450470|Toom "Rauchmelder 'Ei650' mit 10-Jahres-Batterie"]] - Recommended by another user in 2025-05. The device was attached by the user to the ceiling with adhesive tape.

==== Drilling of Holes in the Concrete Ceiling ====
  *See [[handcraft.html|Handcraft]].

==== Resources ====
  *Experts told me, that according to the smoke detector manual, the low-frequency peep of the smoke detector which indicates low battery, can be stopped by causing a system check ( i.e. pressing the big button, which causes a high-volume sound ). Afterwards the smoke detector is in "silent" mode again, for some time :-). 
  *Protocol of a meeting of landlords 2013-06-29: "Die NRW-Landesregierung hat beschlossen, eine Pflicht zum Einbau von Rauchmeldern in allen Wohnungen, ab dem 2013-04-01 einzuführen, wobei für bestehende Gebäude und Wohnungen eine Übergangspflicht bis Ende 2016 gewährt wird. Jeder Nutzer der Wohnung ist verpflichtet, in allen Schafräumen ( Schlafzimmer, Kinderzimmer, Gästezimmer ), im Flur und im Wohnzimmer ( i.d.R.optional ) die Rauchmelder fachgerecht anbringen zulassen. Die Kosten trägt der Sondereigentümer jedoch selbst".
  *[[http://www.rauchmelder-lebensretter.de/rauchmelder-anbringen-im-eigenen-haus/|Rauchmelder retten Leben - das Infoportal für Verbraucher & Fachberater "Rauchmelder anbringen im eigenen Haus"]].
===== Location of electric Cables in Buildungs ( German: "Leitungssuchgerät", "Ortungsgerät zum Lokalisieren spannungsführender Leitungen" ) =====
==== Tools ====
  *AMAZON:
    *<del>[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B017RIWTKG/hemmerling-21|AMAZON "AGT Leitungsfinder: Multi-Detektor/Ortungsgerät für Metall, Stromleitungen (Stromdetektor)"]]</del>, 7.99 EUR - Not recommended by customers :-(.
    *<del>[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B003BIER8Y/hemmerling-21|AMAZON "UNITEC 45641 Metall-und Leitungssuchgerät"]]</del>, 12.83 EUR - Not recommended by customers :-(.
    *[[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00C1F71ZY/hemmerling-21|AMAZON "Umarex Elektr.Ortungsgerät Starfinder Plus, 1 Stück, 080.972A"]], 24.95 EUR - With LCD display(?). Not recommended by customers :-(.
  *BAUHAUS:
    *[[http://www.bauhaus.info/leitungssucher/c/10002360|BAUHAUS "Leitungssucher"]].
    *[[http://www.bauhaus.info/leitungssuchgeraete/c/10002369|BAUHAUS "Leitungssuchgeräte"]].
      *[[http://www.bauhaus.info/leitungssuchgeraete/bauhaus-multi-detektor/p/20611400|BAUHAUS "BAUHAUS Multi-Detektor"]], 19.95 EUR.
      *[[http://www.bauhaus.info/leitungssucher/laserliner-ortungsgeraet-starfinder/p/26153353|BAUHAUS "Laserliner StarFinder Elektronisches Ortungsgerät"]], 24.99 EUR.
  *HORNBACH:
    *[[http://www.hornbach.de/shop/Ortungsgeraet-Laserliner-StarFinder/6389864/artikel.html|HORNBACH "Ortungsgerät Laserliner StarFinder"]].
  *OBI:
    *<del>[[http://www.obi.de/pruefwerkzeuge-messwerkzeuge/lux-metall-und-leitungssucher/p/3470291|OBI "LUX Metall- und Leitungssucher"]]</del>, 15.99 EUR - Not recommended by customers :-(.
    *[[http://www.obi.de/pruefwerkzeuge-messwerkzeuge/laserliner-starfinder-elektronisches-ortungsgeraet/p/1429158|OBI "Laserliner StarFinder Elektronisches Ortungsgerät"]], 24.99 EUR.
    *[[http://www.obi.de/pruefwerkzeuge-messwerkzeuge/laserliner-combifinder-plus/p/4109658|OBI "Laserliner CombiFinder Plus"]], 39.99 EUR.
==== Resources ====
  *[[http://www.elektrikforen.de/threads/stromleitung-in-stahl-beton-decke-finden.24538/|ElektrikForen "Stromleitung in Stahl-Beton-Decke finden"]].
    *"Die Leitung der Deckenleuchte wird beim Einlegen immer in die Richtung zum Schalter verlegt, da eine Querverlegung in Beton zulässig ist" :-).
    *"Einbohrungen für Dübel sollten daher immer nicht in der Eingangsrichtung des Zimmers vorgenommen werden dann ist man auf der sicheren Seite" :-). 
===== Soldering Irons =====
==== My Soldering Irons ====
  *My Multitip 230, 15W.
    *<del>[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/l%C3%B6tspitzen-f%C3%BCr-l%C3%B6tentl%C3%B6tkolben-serie-f%C3%BCr-multitip-c-80_81_105.html|ERSA Shop "Lötspitzen Entlötspitzen ERSADUR / Lötspitzen für Löt/Entlötkolben / Serie 132 für Multitip 08"]]</del> for Multitip with 8 Watt, 0.4 cm inner diameter.
    *[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/l%C3%B6tspitzen-f%C3%BCr-l%C3%B6tentl%C3%B6tkolben-serie-f%C3%BCr-multitip-c-80_81_112.html|ERSA Shop "Lötspitzen Entlötspitzen ERSADUR / Lötspitzen für Löt/Entlötkolben / Serie 162 für Tip 260 & Multitip C 15"]] for my Multitip 230, 15 Watt, 0.45 cm inner diameter.
    *<del>[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/l%C3%B6tspitzen-f%C3%BCr-l%C3%B6tentl%C3%B6tkolben-serie-f%C3%BCr-multitip-c-80_81_116.html|ERSA Shop "Lötspitzen Entlötspitzen ERSADUR / Lötspitzen für Löt/Entlötkolben / Serie 172 für Multitip C 25"]]</del> for Multitip C25, 25 Watt, 0.5cm inner diameter.
  *My "Elektronische Lötstation ERSA MS 250", 25W ( 120° - 460° ).
    *[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/ersa-l%C3%B6tkolben-minityp-chinchstecker-p-2663.html|ERSA Shop "0015BDH040 ERSA Lötkolben Minityp S mit Chinchstecker, 6W"]] :-).
    *<del>[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/ersa-l%C3%B6tkolben-minityp-p-202.html|ERSA Shop "0015BDH ERSA Lötkolben Minityp S, 6 W, 12 V"]]</del> - Not the right one for me, no chinch jack.
    *[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/l%C3%B6tspitzen-f%C3%BCr-l%C3%B6tentl%C3%B6tkolben-serie-f%C3%BCr-multitip-c-80_81_116.html|ERSA Shop "Lötspitzen Entlötspitzen ERSADUR / Lötspitzen für Löt/Entlötkolben / Serie 172 für Multitip C 25"]], for Multitip 25 W, 12 V, 0.5cm inner diameter.
    *[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/l%C3%B6tspitzen-f%C3%BCr-l%C3%B6tentl%C3%B6tkolben-serie-f%C3%BCr-minityp-c-80_81_82.html|ERSA Shop "Lötspitzen Entlötspitzen ERSADUR / Lötspitzen für Löt/Entlötkolben / Serie 012 für Minityp S"]], [[http://www.ersa-shop.com/ersa-ersadur-l%C3%B6tspitze-f%C3%BCr-minityp-gerade-bleistiftspitz-p-194.html|ERSA Shop "Lötspitzen Entlötspitzen ERSADUR / Lötspitzen für Löt/Entlötkolben / Serie 012 für Minityp S / bleistiftspitz / 0012BD"]], for Minityp 6 W, 12 V.
    *Resources:
      *[[http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=526375.0|Ardunio Forum "Ersa Lötstation MS 250 für Anfänger geignet ?"]], 2018.
      *[[http://www.modding-faq.de/Forum/index.php?topic=9303.0|Modding-FAQ Forum "Ein Jahr mit der Ersa 250 S"]], 2005.
  *"Bei jedem Kolben den Sie bei uns kaufen ist auch eine Spitze aufgesetzt, sodass man diesen direkt zum Löten nutzen kann" :-).
  *Note that both of my soldering irons have different inner diameters, the "Multitip 230" has a smaller inner diameter ( 0.45 cm ) than the "ERSA MS 250" ( 0.5 cm ). The inner diameter size corresponds to the power in Watt.
  *[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/ersa-l%C3%B6tkolben-multitip-230v-p-2787.html|ERSA Shop "0920BD ERSA Lötkolben Multitip C25, 25W, 230V"]], [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0009QX1S8/hemmerling-21|Amazon.DE "Multitip 25W/230V230BD ERSA"]] - The successor of my device.
==== Manufacturers, Vendors & Products ====
  *Conrad Electronic SE.
    *[[http://www.conrad.de/de/c/loettechnik-17583.html|Conrad Electronic SE "Löttechnik"]].
    *[[http://www.conrad.de/de/search.html?search=lötstation|Conrad Electronic SE - Search for "lötstation"]].
  *[[http://www.ersa-shop.com/l%C3%B6tstationen-c-1.html|ERSA Shop "Lötstationen"]].
  *[[http://www.expondo.de/stamos-soldering-set-loetstation-mit-vorwaermplatte-und-2-halterungen-zubehoer-10021003|Expondo "Set Lötstation mit Vorwärmplatte und 2 Halterungen + Zubehör"]].
  *[[http://www.pollin.de/werkstatt/loettechnik/loetgeraete/|Pollin Electronic GmbH "Lötgeräte"]].
  *[[http://www.voelkner.de/categories/13657/Loetstationen.html|Völkner ( Re-In Retail International GmbH ) "Lötstationen"]].
  *[[http://www.weller-tools.com/professional/EUR/de/Professional/Produktlinien/WE+Line/Loetstationen+und+Sets|Wel­ler Tools GmbH "Weller Professional, WE-Linie"]].
==== Resources ====
  *[[http://www.amazon.de/s?k=lötstation|Amazon.DE "lötstation"]].
  *[[http://www.netzvergleiche.de/loetstation/|Netzvergleich "Lötstation"]] - "Die 7 besten Produkte in der Kategorie Lötstation im Vergleich".
  *[[http://www.loetstationtest.de/|Lötstationen Test]].
    *[[http://www.loetstationtest.de/smd-loetstation/|Lötstationen Test "SMD Lötstation Test und Ratgeber"]].
===== Literature =====
==== Paper Magazines, Online Magazines, Publishing Houses. Vendors of Electronics ====
  *[[http://www.at-fachverlag.de/|AT-Fachverlag GmbH]].
    *[[http://www.elektronikinformationen.de/|EL-info Elektronik Informationen]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/pages/EL-info-Elektronik-Informationen/110892485610329|Facebook "EL-info Elektronik Informationen"]].
  *[[http://www.bodospower.com/|Bodo's Power Systems]], Germany - free PDF magazine.
  *[[http://www.channel-e.de/|Channel-E - Magazin für Elektronik]].
  *EBV.
    *The paper and PDF magazine [[http://www.ebv.com/media-center/the-quintessence/|EBV "The Quintessence"]].
    *The ?discontinued? paper and PDF brochure [[http://designsolutions.ebv.com/mip/|EBV "MIP - Marketing Innovative Products"]].
  *[[http://www.eetimes.com/|Electronic Engineering Times ( EE Times ) - Connecting the Global Electronics Community]].
  *[[http://www.eeweb.com/magazine/|EEWeb Magazines]] - free PDF magazines ( "PULSE Magazine", "Embedded Developer", "Power Developer", "Modern Printed Circuits", "Lighting Electronics", "Modern Test & Measure" ).
  *[[http://www.edn.com/|EDN]] - free online magazine.
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDN_%28magazine%29|EN.Wikipedia "EDN (magazine)"]].
  *[[http://www.epdtonthenet.net/|Electronic Product Design]].
  *[[http://electronicdesign.com/|Electronic Design]].
    *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Design_%28magazine%29|EN.Wikipedia "Electronic Design (magazine)"]].
  *[[http://www.electronicsweekly.com/|Electronics Weekly]].
  *[[http://www.elektronik-journal.de/|elektronikJOURNAL | Das Themenmagazin von all-electronics.de]] by [[http://www.all-electronics.de|all-electronics.de]].
  *[[http://www.elektroniknet.de/|WEKA FACHMEDIEN GmbH "elektroniknet.de"]] - portal of paper magazines ( "Markt & Technik - Die unabhängige Wochenzeitung für Elektronik", "Design & Elektronik", "Elektronik", "Funkschau" ).
    *[[http://www.funkschau.de/|funkschau - Kommunikationstechnik für Profis]].
  *[[http://www.elektor.de/|Elektor.de]] ( Germany ), [[http://www.elektor.com/|Elektor.com ( UK )]] - portal of the paper magazine "Elektor".
    *[[http://www.elektor-projects.com/|ELEKTOR Projects / ELEKTOR ELabs - Sharing Electronics Projects]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/ElektorDE|Facebook "Elektor.de"]].
    *[[http://plus.google.com/u/0/117317699901482776830/posts|Google+ "Elektor.de"]].
    *[[http://twitter.com/ElektorDE|Twitter "Elektor.de"]].
    *Videochannel [[http://www.youtube.com/elektorde|YouTube Channel "ELEKTOR"]].
  *[[http://www.franzis.de/|Franzis Verlag GmbH Poing - Verlag für Elektronik, Software und Fachbücher]].
    *[[http://www.elo-web.de/|ELO - Elektronik und Know-How von FRANZIS-VERLAG. Elektronik erleben und anwenden]].
  *[[http://www.futureelectronics.com/|Future Technology]].
    *[[http://www.futureelectronics.com/en/promotions/pages/futuretechnologymagazine.aspx|Future Technology Magazine]] ( FTM ) - free online HTML magazine.
  *[[http://www.heise.de/|Heise Verlag]].
    *[[http://shop.heise.de/katalog/sonstiges/digitale-medien/elrad-archiv|heise shop "Archiv ELRAD"]].
    *[[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elrad|DE.Wikipedia "Elrad"]].
  *[[http://www.huethig.de/produkte/fachzeitschriften/|Hüthig - erfolgsmedien für experten]] - Paper magazines "AUTOMOBIL-ELEKTRONIK", "elektronik industrie", "elektronikJOURNAL", "IEE Elektrische Automatisierung + Antriebstechnik", "KI Kälte - Luft - Klimatechnik".
  *[[http://www.theiet.org/|The Institution of Engineering and Technology ( IET )]].
    *[[http://eandt.theiet.org/|E&T - Engineering and Technology Magazine]].
    *[[http://electrical.theiet.org/|IET Electrical]].
  *[[http://www.megalink.ch/|megalink - Alles über Automation, Elektronik, Antriebstechnik, Sensorik und Messtechnik]].
  *[[http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/|New Electronics]] - free online magazine.
  *[[http://www.powersystemsdesign.com/|Power Systems Design]] Europe - free PDF magazine.
  *[[http://www.publish-industry.net/|publish-industry Verlag GmbH]] - free PDF magazines.
    *[[http://www.eue24.net/|E&E]] - "Das Wissensportal für Elektronik und Entwicklung"..
  *[[http://www.vogel.de/|Vogel Business Media GmbH & Co.KG]].
    *The paper magazine [[http://www.elektronikpraxis.vogel.de/|Elektronik Praxis]].
  *[[http://www.vth.de/|Verlag für Technik und Handwerk GmbH]] -"Die ganze Welt des Modellbaus. Funk, TV-Empfang, Elektronik".  
==== Books ====
  *Book [[http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/3772365264/hemmerling-21|Dieter Nührmann: "Das komplette Werkbuch Elektronik: 2 Bde."]].
==== PDFs ====
  *[[http://www.ti.com/ww/en/power-training/login.shtml|Texas Instruments "TI Power Seminar White Papers"]].

===== Training, Education =====
  *[[http://focus.ti.com/adc/docs/portal.tsp?sectionId=121|Texas Instruments "Analog eLab" Design Center]] - "offers support and training for new and experienced engineers for a variety of analog design needs".
===== Organisations & Events & Experts=====
==== Organisations ====
  *[[http://www.fed.de/|FED - Fachverband für Design, Leiterplatten- und Elektronikfertigung]].
==== Event "Maker Faire Hannover" ====
  *The fair [[http://www.maker-faire.de/|Maker Faire DACH]].
    *[[http://www.maker-faire.de/hannover/|Maker Faire Hannover]].
      *2013-2019 in Hannover.
      *<del>2020</del>.
      *2021-06-18 Maker Faire Hannover, Digital Edition.
        *[[http://en.maker-faire.de/news/2021/04/virtual-exhibitor-area-what-awaits-you-as-a-maker/|Maker Faire "Virtual exhibitor area – what awaits you as a Maker!"]], 2021-04.
      *2021-09-10 - 2021-09-11 in Hannover.
    *[[http://www.maker-faire.de/call-for-makers/|Maker Faire DACH "Call for Makers"]].
    *[[http://www.maker-faire.de/archiv/|Maker Faire DACH "Archive"]].
  *[[http://www.facebook.com/MakerFaireDeutschland|Facebook "Maker Faire Deutschland, @MakerFaireDeutschland"]].
    *<del>[[http://www.facebook.com/MakerFaireHannover|Facebook "Maker Faire Hannover"]]</del> ( just for the 2017 event ).
    *<del>[[http://www.facebook.com/events/154497488038560/|Facebook Event "MAKER FAIRE HANOVER"]]</del>, 2013.
  *[[http://www.instagram.com/makerfairedeutschland/|Instagram "makerfairedeutschland, Das Festival für Macher"]].
  *[[http://www.twitter.com/makerfairedach|Twitter "Maker Faire DACH"]].
  *The paper magazine [[https://www.heise.de/make/|Make:]].
==== Experts ====
  *[[http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://electronicslab.eu/en/|Electronics Lab]] ( - 2014-12-19 ) by [[http://www.facebook.com/yplevis|Yiannis Plevritakis]] :-).
  *[[http://www.facebook.com/Kononos|Nikos Plevrit ( Knonomos )]].
  *"Indrajit Paul".
    *[[http://www.github.com/indra1234|GitHub "Indrajit Paul, indra1234"]].
    *[[http://www.xing.com/profile/Indrajit_Paul3|XING "Indrajit Paul"]], [[http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=19588504|LinkedIn "Indrajit Paul"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/indra.p22|Facebook "Indrajit Paul"]], [[http://plus.google.com/+IndrajitPaul9614480169|Google+ "Indrajit Paul"]].
    *[[http://www.beknown.com/indrajit-paul|Monster Beknown "Indrajit Paul"]].
    *[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wc7aTGpi5jM|YouTube "Indrajit Paul: My Slideshow"]] - Slideshow an electronics & embedded project.
    *Blog [[http://indrajit123project123.blogspot.in/|Blogspot "Hobby Electronics"]].
    *[[http://profile.utest.com/135418|uTest "Indrajit Paul"]].

==== Mechanical Workplaces ====
  *[[http://www.die-werke.de/|Die Werke]], Hannover.
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/diewerkehannover|Facebook "Die Werke"]].
    *[[http://die-werke.cobot.me/|Cobot "Die Werke"]].
==== Commercial Reengineering Services ====
  *[[http://www.break-ic.com/|break-ic.com - Microcontroller reverse engineer]].
  *[[http://www.techinsights.com/|TECHINSIGHTS - Your Intellectual Property Consulting Partner]].

===== Resources =====
  *[[http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/|All About Circuits]].
  *[[http://www.bausteln.de/bezugsquellen/|bausteln - Bezugsquellen]] #.
  *[[http://www.rs-online.com/designspark/|DesignSpark]] - "Das Portal Die Online-Plattform mit Design-Support für Entwickler von [[http://www.rs-online.com/|RS Components]] und [[http://ex-en.alliedelec.com/|Allied Electronics, Inc.]]".
  *[[http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir/|Jaap van Ganswijk "Chip Directory"]].
  *EDA Blog, EDA Geek, Embedded Star, FPGA Blog.
    *[[http://www.edablog.com/|EDA Blog - electronic design automation, embedded systems, ic]].
    *[[http://www.edageek.com/|EDA Geek - EDA News - electronic design automation, semiconductor]]
    *[[http://www.embeddedstar.com/|Embedded Star - Embedded systems directory and blog]].
    *[[http://www.fpgablog.com/|FPGA Blog - field programmable gate array and structured asic]].
  *[[http://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/|Elektronik-Kompendium]].
  *[[http://www.my-boardclub.com/|Future Electronics, Board Club]].
    *[[http://www.my-boardclub.com/franchise_boards/franchise_board_page.php?fb=110|Future Electronics, Board Club "MPC8308-RDB MPC8308 PowerQUICC II Pro Processor Development Board"]] - "Members click here to apply for this board".
  *Blog [[http://www.tinkerlog.com/|Tinkerlog - Alex's blog]].
  *[[http://www.linuxfocus.org/Deutsch/January2004/article322.shtml|LinuxFocus.org, Aleksandar Milovac "Machen wir ein bißchen Elektronik"]].
  *[[http://www.mosfetkiller.de/|mosfetkiller.de: Hochspannung - Elektronik - Programmierung]] by [[http://www.paulwilhelm.de/|Paul Wilhelm]], [[http://www.xing.com/profile/Paul_Wilhelm7|XING "Paul Wilhelm"]], Braunschweig.
  *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisker_%28metallurgy%29|EN.Wikipedia "Whisker (metallurgy)"]], [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisker_%28Kristallographie%29|DE.Wikipedia "Whisker (Kristallographie)"]].

===== Forums, Newsgroups, Communities =====
  *[[http://forum.allaboutcircuits.com/|All About Circuits Forum]].
  *Altera.
    *[[http://www.altera.com/support/spt-user-communities.html|Altera User Communities / Forums]].
    *[[http://www.alteraforum.com/|Altera Forum]].
      *[[http://www.alteraforum.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=75|Altera Forum "OpenCL"]].
    *[[http://www.alterawiki.com/|Altera Wiki]].
  *[[http://forum.live.altium.com/|AltiumLive Forum]].
  *Analog Devices.
    *[[http://ez.analog.com/|ADI EngineerZone Technical Forum]].
    *Analog Electric Circuitry Bulletin Board.
  *[[http://www.cadence.com/community/|Cadence Community]].
    *[[http://www.cadence.com/community/forums/|Cadence Community Forums]].
  *[[http://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility/search/?name=LTSpice|Codeweavers "Scientific, Technical & Math / CAD & CAE / Forums Category, "LTSpice" Forums]].
  *[[http://www.diesteckdose.net/|diesteckdose.net]] - "Dieses Forum beschäftigt sich mit folgenden Themen: E-Technik allgemein, E-Technik Grundlagen, Elektrische Energietechnik, Elektronik, Ausbildung in den Elektroberufen, Normen (z.B. DIN/VDE)".
  *[[http://www.element-14.com/|Premier Farnell plc "element 14"]] - "element14 is a new, innovative information portal and eCommunity specifically built for electronic design engineers".
  *[[http://www.edaboard.com/|EDAboard.com - Forum for Electronics]], [[http://www.edaboard.de/|EDAboard.de]], [[http://www.edaboard.co.uk/|EDAboard.co.uk]].
  *[[http://www.eeweb.com/|EEWeb - Electrical Engineering Community]].
  *[[http://www.electronicdesign.com/forum|Electronic Design Forums]].
  *[[http://www.dutchforce.com/~eforum/|Electronics Forum. Forum for electronics fans]].
  *[[http://www.electronics-lab.com/|Electronics Lab - The electronic hobbyist corner]].
  *ELEKTOR.
    *[[http://www.elektor.de/forum/|ELEKTOR.de ( Germany ) Forum]].
    *[[http://www.elektor.com/forum/|ELEKTOR.com ( UK ) Forum]], [[http://forum.elektor.com/|ELEKTOR.com ( UK ) Forum]].
  *Elektronikforum.
    *[[http://forum.electronicwerkstatt.de/phpBB/|Ersatzteil-Brock "Elektronikforum"]] - "Elektro und Elektronik Forum - Ersatzteile und Reparatur".
    *[[http://www.transistornet.de/|Transistor.NET - Das Elektronikforum]] - "Ersatzteile und Reparatur Forum".
  *[[http://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/forum/|Elektronik-Kompendium Forum]].
  *[[http://www.elektronikpraxis.vogel.de/forum/forums.cfm|Elektronik Praxis Forum]].
  *[[http://www.elv.de/foren-journal-1.html|ELV journal - Mehr Wissen in Elektronik, Forum]].
  *Facebook.
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/alteracorp|Facebook "Altera"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/FairchildSemiconductor|Facebook "Fairchild Semiconductor"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/Maxim.IC|Facebook "Maxim Integrated"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/PSHDL|Facebook "PSHDL"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/VintageElectronicTestEquipment|Facebook "Vintage Electronic Test Equipment"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/237709040682106/|Facebook "Electronic Projects"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/1394829537423136|Facebook "Electronics world"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/3037013123048371|Facebook "Electronics circuit designing and programming"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/1645566969073745|Facebook "DIY Elektronik for beginners"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/1002364086987312|Facebook "Multi Electronic Projects"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/826401474759369|Facebook "New Electric and Electronic project"]].
    *[[http://www.facebook.com/groups/535932540410535|Facebook "Electrical Technical"]].
  *[[http://www.fpgacentral.com/|FPGA Central]].
    *[[http://www.fpgacentral.com/forum|FPGA Central "Forum"]].
  *[[http://www.fritzing.org/forum/|Fritzing Forums]].
  *[[http://gameduino2.proboards.com/|Gameduino2 Community]].
  *Google.
    *[[http://groups.google.com/group/alt.engineering.electrical|Google Groups "alt.engineering.electrical"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/sci.electronics.basics|Google Groups "sci.electronics.basics"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/sci.electronics.components|Google Groups "sci.electronics.components"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/sci.electronics.misc|Google Groups "sci.electronics.misc"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/sci.electronics.design|Google Groups "sci.electronics.design"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/de.sci.electronics|Google Groups "de.sci.electronics"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/de.sci.ing.elektrotechnik|Google Groups "de.sci.ing.elektrotechnik"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/maus.technik.elektronik|Google Groups "maus.technik.elektronik"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/z-netz.alt.elektronik|Google Groups "z-netz.alt.elektronik"]].
  *[[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.vhdl|Google Groups "comp.lang.vhdl"]].
    *[[http://www.vhdl.org/comp.lang.vhdl/|vhdl.org "comp.lang.vhdl. Frequently Asked Questions And Answers"]].
  *[[http://groups.google.com/group/sci.electronics.cad|Google Groups "sci.electronics.cad"]].
  *[[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lsi|Google Groups "comp.lsi"]], [[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lsi.cad|Google Groups "comp.lsi.cad"]].
  *[[http://plus.google.com/communities/106169226290885102465|Google+ "Electronic Interconnect Industry - Community"]], successor of [[http://web.archive.org/web/20140215000000*/http://www.piekforum.eu/|Archive.org "Piekforum"]] ( - 2011-06-07 ).
  *[[http://www.groups.io/|Groups.io]] ( Formerly: [[http://groups.yahoo.com/|Yahoo Groups]] ).
    *[[http://www.groups.io/g/LTspice|Groups.io "LTspice"]].
  *[[http://www.theiet.org/Forums/|IET Forums]].
  *[[http://www.industrycommunity.com/|Industry Community]].
    *[[http://www.industrycommunity.com/ee/|Industry Community "Electrical and Electronic Community"]].
      *[[http://www.industrycommunity.com/myforum/moazzam_mahmood.html|Industry Community "PSpice Models for Analog & Digital ICs Message Board"]].
  *[[http://www.latticesemi.com/support/forums.cfm|Lattice Semiconductors Corporation - Lattice Forums]].
  *[[http://www.matchmymaker.de/|MatchMyMaker]] - "MatchMyMaker connects makers and people in need of tools".
  *[[http://www.mikrobusnet.org/bb/|Mikrobus.Net - When NETMF meets MikroBus, Forum]].
  *[[http://forum.mosfetkiller.de/|forum.mosfetkiller.de - Das Hochspannende Bastlerforum]].
  *[[http://forums.mugweb.org/|MUG - The International Mentor Graphics Users' Group "Mentor Graphics Users Group Forums"]] - Read-only forum for non-members.
  *[[http://www.opencores.org/forum|OpenCores Forums]].
  *[[http://www.progforum.com/|ProgForum.com - Das Elektronik Diskussionsforum]].
  *[[http://lists.rocketboards.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/|RocketBoards.org Mailing Lists]].
  *[[http://forum.schmartboard.com/|SchmartBoards Forum]].
  *[[http://www.silica.com/designers-community.html|Silica Designers' Community]].
  *[[http://my.st.com/public/STe2ecommunities|STMicroelectronics "STe2ecommunities"]].
    *[[http://my.st.com/public/STe2ecommunities/analog/|STMicroelectronics Forum "Analog and Audio"]].
  *[[http://e2e.ti.com/|Texas Instruments E2E Technical Forum]] ( [[http://my.ti.com|my.ti.com]] ).
  *[[http://www.thebackshed.com/forum/forum_topics.asp?FID=4|The Black Shed, Subforum "Electronics"]].
  *[[http://www.vlsibank.com/discussion.asp|VLSIBank - Investing your Knowledge "Discussion"]] - "EDA, Embedded Systems, ASIC, FPGA, VHDL,Verilog, CMOS, Semiconductors, DSP, Mixed Signal Architecture".
  *[[http://forums.xilinx.com/|Xilinx User Community Forums]].

===== Appropriate OpenDirectory Directory Pages =====
  *[[http://www.dmoz.org/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/|OpenDirectory "Top: Business: Electronics and Electrical"]].
  *[[http://www.dmoz.org/Science/Technology/Electronics/|OpenDirectory "Top: Science: Technology: Electronics"]].
  *[[http://www.dmoz.org/World/Deutsch/Wirtschaft/Elektrotechnik_und_Elektronik/|OpenDirectory "Top: World: Deutsch: Wirtschaft: Elektrotechnik und Elektronik"]].
  *[[http://www.dmoz.org/World/Deutsch/Wissenschaft/Ingenieurwissenschaften/Elektronik/|OpenDirectory "Top: World: Deutsch: Wissenschaft: Ingenieurwissenschaften: Elektronik"]].
  *[[http://dir.yahoo.com/business_and_economy/business_to_business/electronics/|Yahoo! Directory "Business and Economy: Business to Business: Electronics"]].
  *[[http://dir.yahoo.com/science/engineering/electrical_engineering/|Yahoo! Directory "Science: Engineering: Electrical Engineering"]].
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