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[hemmerling] Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ), The CentOS Project ( CentOS ), Fedora Linux ( F ), AlmaLinux ( Alma ), Oracle Linux ( OL ), Rocky Linux ( RL ), openSUSE, Amazon Linux ( AL )

Installation from downloaded DVD ISO Images

Selection of the right Distribution for the right Purpose

Customer Developer Online Service Provider Comment
Distribution Fedora AlmaLinux CentOS, Oracle Linux, Rocky Linux
Designed for Development, office Server operation in cloud & datacenters
Desktops 7 GNOME, KDE, Xfce, LXDE, Cinnamon, MATE, Sugar Desktop Environment GNOME, KDE
8 GNOME
9 GNOME
10 GNOME GNOME
Applications 7 Desktop + apps for development & office Desktop or server + apps for development & administration
10 “Server with GUI” + apps for development & administration
Stabiliy Less important Most important
.rpm packages Development & testing Installation & operation
100% Compatiability to the later production environment No Yes

Using "Rufus 4.9.2256" on Windows to prepare a USB Stick as Media for RHEL, CentOS, F, openSUSE, AL Installer

Drive Properties

  • Persistant partition size = “0” GB.
  • Partition Scheme: “MBR”.
  • Target system: “BIOS or UEFI”.
  • [x] List USB Hard Drives.
  • [x] Add fixes for old BIOSes ( extra partition, align, ect. ).
  • [_] Enable runtime UEFI media validation.

Format Options

  • File system: “FAT32 ( Default )”.
  • [x] Quick Format.
  • [x] Create extended label and icon files.
  • [_] Check device for bad blocks.

ISOHybrid Images & DD Mode

  • Rufus message, when trying to transfer a RHEL, CentOS, F, openSUSE image to a USB stick:
    The image you have selected is an "ISOHybrid" image.
    (_) Write in ISO Image mode ( Recommended ).
    (x) Write in DD Image mode.
  • I selected “DD”.
  • With “ISO” for “CentOS Stream 10”, there is the error message:
    GRUB loading.
    Welcome to GRUB!
    error: file '/boot/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod' not found.
    Entering rescue mode...
    

CentOS Stream 10: UEFI Bootloader

  • Rufus message, when trying to transfer a “CentOS Stream 10” image to a USB stick:
    Rufus detected that the ISO you have selected contains a UEFI bootloader that has been revoked and that will produce a "Security Violation" screen, when Secure Boot is enabled on a fully up to date UEFI system.
  • reddit "r/CentOS" - "CentOS won't boot on secure boot" - “Revocation of UEFI bootloaders happens all the time and CentOS Stream 9 was released in 2023, so, yeah, it happens to be using a UEFI bootloader where vulnerabilities have been found and that has therefore been revoked, hence the message you see in Rufus. One would have expected CentOS to at least have released an updated version of CentOS Stream 9 that uses a non-vulnerable bootloader, but it appears they haven't done that”.

CentOS Stream 10: Selecting the proper Grub Version

  • Rufus message, when trying to transfer a “CentOS Stream 10” image to a USB stick, for the first time:
    The image uses Grub 2.12-nonstandard-gdie but the application only includes the installation files for Grub 2.12.
    As different versions of Grub may not be compatible with one another, and it is not possible to include them all, Rufus will attempt to locate a version of the Grub installation file ( "core.img" ) that mateches the one from your image.
    
    - Select "Yes" to connect to the Internet and attempt to download it.
    - Select "no" to use the default version from Rufus.
    - Select "Cancel" to abort the operation.
    
    Note: The file will be downloaded in the current application directory and will be reused automatically if present. If no match can be found online, then the default version will be used.
  • I selected “Yes”.

CentOS & Fedora / Fedora WORKSTATION & AlmaLinux, Oracle Linux, Rocky Linux

CentOS 7 & Fedora 20: Installation Process
  • Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ).
    • Installation warning message ( Archive.org "CentOS Wiki 'FAQ'" ( - 2023-07-16 ) ):
      Detected single cpu native boot.
      Important:  In CentOS 7, single threaded, single CPU 64-bit physical systems are unsupported. Please see http://wiki.centos.org/FAQ for more information.
      Warning: AMD processor - this hardware has not undergone upstream testing. Please consult http://wiki.centos.org/FAQ for more information
    • Network drivers: No wireless support :-(:
      Network & Host Name
      Ethernet ( eth0 )
    • Successful installation of both “CentOS 7” & “Fedora WORKSTATION 20” :-).
  • Notebook “ASUS K95VB” ( installation untested ).
    • Network drivers :-):
      Network & Host Name
      Ethernet ( enp2s0 )
      Wireless ( wlp3s0 )
CentOS Stream 8 & Fedora WORKSTATION 28 Installation Process
  • GNOME desktop manager.
  • Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ).
    • CentOS Stream 8:
      • Network drivers: No network support :-(:
        Network & Host Name
        No network devices available
      • Successful installation.
    • Fedora WORKSTATION 28:
      • Installations starts, but hangs by the message, before showing a graphics screen :-(:
        Started User manager for  UID 1000.
        A start job is running for Hold until boot process finishesup ( 44s / no limit )".
        
  • Notebook “ASUS K95VB” ( installation untested ).
    • Network drivers :-):
      Network & Host Name
      Ethernet ( enp2s0 )
      Wireless ( wlp3s0 )
CentOS Stream 9 & Fedora WORKSTATION 34: Installation Process
  • Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ).
    • CentOS Stream 9:
      • Installation warning message:
        Warning: Deprecated hardware is detected: x86_64-v1:AuthenticAMD:Mobile Sempron 3600+ will not be maintained in a future major release and may be disabled
      • The installation aborts with the message:
        [ end Kernel panic - not synching: Attempted to kill init! exit code=0x00007f00 ]
    • Fedora WORKSTATION 34 ( Live installation ) - Live installer loads. Successfull installation. After a software update the system boots again to the login screen. But after login, the screen gets black and the system hangs :-(.
  • Notebook “ASUS K95VB” ( installation untested ).
    • Installation warning message:
      Warning: Deprecated hardware is detected: x86_64-v2:GenuineIntel:Intel(R) Core i7-3630QM CPU @ 2.40Ghz will not be maintained in a future major release and may be disabled
    • Network drivers :-):
      Network & Host Name
      Ethernet ( enp2s0 )
      Wireless ( wlp3s0 )
  • Notebook “Hewlett-Packard HP 255 G5” ( installation untested ).
    • Installation warning message:
      Warning: Deprecated hardware is detected: x86_64-v2:AuthenticAMD:EZ-7110 APU with AMD Radeon R2 Graphics will not be maintained in a future major release and may be disabled
    • Network drivers :-):
      Network & Host Name
      Ethernet ( eno1 )
      Wireless ( wlo1 )
CentOS Stream 10 & Fedora WORKSTATION 42 & Fedora SERVER 42 & AlmaLinux 10 (x86_64_v2)
  • AlmaLinux 10 (x86_64_v2):
    • Notebook “ASUS K95VB”:
      • Network drivers :-):
        Network & Host Name
        Ethernet ( enp2s0 )
        Wireless ( wlp3s0 )
  • CentOS Stream 10, Oracle Linux 10, Rocky Linux 10:
    • Non of my hardware has a CPU with the architecture “AMD/Intel 64-bit (x86_64_v3)” :-(.
  • Fedora WORKSTATION 42:
    • Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ): No installation ( Live installer loads. But there was no harddisk installer :-(?! ).
  • Fedora SERVER 42:
    • Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ): Successful installation :-).
    • Base environment:
      1. “Fedora Server Edition” - “Your current Fedora software selection requires 2.15 GiB of available space”.
      2. “Fedora Custom Operating System” - “Your current Fedora software selection requires 1.61 GiB of available space”.

openSUSE: Installation Process

openSUSE Leap 15.6: Installation Process
  • Suggested Partitioning for “Dell Vostro 1000”
    • Create GPT on /dev/sda.
  • Default User:
      • “With the live CD, the default user is 'linux' and the password is empty for this user”.
    • Create partition /dev/sda1 ( 109.79 GiB ) for / with btrfs.
    • Create partition /dev/sda2 ( 2.00 GiB ) for swap.
  • On my Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ), just the installation of “openSUSE Server” is successful. All Installations of “openSUSE Desktop” crash and fail during the installation process.
openSUSE Leap 42.3: Installation Process
  • On my Notebook “Dell Vostro 1000” ( 2 GB RAM ), the installation of “openSUSE Server” works fine.

Resources

Basic Installation Parameters

Memory requirements & Free Memory

  • Free memory on systems:
Desktop free -m cat /proc/swaps Comment
Mem: total Mem: available Swap: used ”/dev/sda5 Used
CentOS 7 Minimal Install 1871 1571 0 0 Textmode
CentOS 7 GNOME Desktop 1871 997 .. 1032 0 0
CentOS 7 KDE Plasma Workspaces 1871 1113 .. 1144 0 0
CentOS Stream 8, AlmaLinux / Oracle Linux / Rocky Linux 8.10 1651 688 .. 745 .. 803 0 0
Fedora 20 GNOME Desktop 1876 612 .. 645 .. 718 0 0
Fedora 20 KDE Plasma Workspaces 1876 65 .. 855 0 0
Fedora 20 Xfce Desktop ? ? 0 0
Fedora 20 LXDE Desktop ? ? 0 0
Fedora 20 Cinnamon Desktop ? ? 0 0
Fedora 20 MATE Desktop ? ? 0 0
Fedora 20 Sugar Desktop Environment ? ? 0 0
Fedora Workstation 28 - - 0 0
Fedora Workstation 34 - - 0 0
Fedora Server Edition 42 1829 1455 0 0
Fedora Custom Operating System 42 1829 1464 0 0
openSUSE Desktop 42 with KDE Plasma 1872 829 .. 987 .. 1076 0 0
openSUSE Desktop 42 with Gnome 1872 499 .. 737 .. 915 0 0
openSUSE Desktop 15.6 with Xfce - - - -
openSUSE Desktop 15.6 with Deskop - - - -
openSUSE Server 15.6 1845 1508 0 0

Package Management & Package Installation

DNF

RPM

rpm-ostree

YaST ( openSUSE only )

Yum

Zypper ( openSUSE only )

Applications

Editor Application "nano"

  • Nano is the standard textmode editor.

Editor Application "vi"

Editor Application "GNOME Text Editor" ( "TextEditor" )

  • Call
    gnome-text-editor
    
    • “Nicht ganz so schlicht und simpel ist der neue Texteditor geraten, der für dutzende Script- und Programmiersprachen Syntaxhervorhebung und automatisches Einrücken bietet”.
    • “Als herber Verlust dürfte aber vielen die fehlende Erweiterungsschnittstelle auffallen, mit welcher Gedit noch glänzen konnte. Noch sind Gedit und das bisherige Gnome-Terminal jedoch nicht komplett gestrichen – sie finden sich weiterhin in den Paketquellen der Linux-Distributionen”.

Editor Application "nano"

Editor Application "gedit"

The Software

Installation Failure on Almalinux 10

  • I failed to install “gedit” on Almalinux 10 :-(.
    sudo dnf install gedit -y
  • Error messsage:
    Error: 
     Problem: conflicting requests
      - nothing provides libgedit-amtk-5.so.0()(64bit) needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides libgedit-gfls-1.so.0()(64bit) needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides libgedit-gtksourceview-300.so.3()(64bit) needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides libgedit-tepl-6.so.3()(64bit) needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides libgspell-1.so.3()(64bit) needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Amtk) = 5 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Atk) = 1.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(GLib) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(GModule) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(GObject) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Gdk) = 3.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(GdkPixbuf) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Gio) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Gtk) = 3.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(GtkSource) = 300 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(HarfBuzz) = 0.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Pango) = 1.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(Tepl) = 6 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(cairo) = 1.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(freetype2) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
      - nothing provides typelib(xlib) = 2.0 needed by gedit-48.2-2.1.x86_64 from @commandline
    

Resources

Snap / Snappy

X11

Resources

Red Hat Enterprise Linux specific

The CentOS Project specific

Fedora Linux specific

Alma Linux specific

    • Adding Enterprise Linux (EPEL) repository
      sudo dnf install epel-release
      sudo dnf upgrade
      
    • Install (and verify) the RPM Fusion GPG keys
      $ sudo dnf install distribution-gpg-keys
      $ sudo rpmkeys --import /usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/rpmfusion/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-free-el-$(rpm -E %rhel)
      $ sudo rpmkeys --import /usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/rpmfusion/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-nonfree-el-$(rpm -E %rhel)
      $ gpg --show-keys --with-fingerprint /usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/rpmfusion/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-free-el-$(rpm -E %rhel)
      $ gpg --show-keys --with-fingerprint /usr/share/distribution-gpg-keys/rpmfusion/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-nonfree-el-$(rpm -E %rhel)
      
    • Install RPM Fusion
      $ sudo dnf --setopt=localpkg_gpgcheck=1 install  https://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/free/el/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %rhel).noarch.rpm https://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %rhel).noarch.rpm
      

Rocky Linux specific

openSUSE (formerly: SUSE Linux ) specific

Add Boot Option to UEFI BIOS

Resources

 
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