[hemmerling] Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients 3/5 - Screen Sharing by Remote Administration Tools ( RAT )

Related pages:

• Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients 1/5.
• Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients 2/5 - Serial Connection.
• Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients 4/5 - Browsers & E-Mail Clients & Newsreaders I.
• Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients 5/5 - Browsers & E-Mail Clients & Newsreaders II.
• Unix 2/12 - Linux & BSD Distributions, “Google Android” for “Unix System Shells” for Android.

• GNOME Gitlab "vino".
• GNOME Wiki "Projects/Vino" - “Vino was the GNOME desktop sharing server. It is now archived and unmaintained - please use gnome-remote-desktop instead!”.
• GitHub Gist "Vino Installation (Vino is a GNOME Remote Desktop) Like vnc ".
• DE.Wikipedia "Vino".

• noVNC - “The open-source VNC browser client - noVNC is a VNC client JavaScript library as well as an application built on top of that library. noVNC runs well in any modern browser, including mobile browsers (iOS and Android)”.
  • GitHub "novnc / noVNC".
  • Online demo installation: noVNC "Online version of the noVNC client".
    • Websocket:
      • Host: “192.168.178.11”?
      • Port “5900”
      • Path: “websockify”.
  • YouTube "Quick demo of noVNC".

• The commercial RealVNC for Windows and Linux.
  • Freeware.
    • Archive.org "VNC Free Edition 4.1" ( - 2009-01-16 ) for Windows NT4, W2k, WinXP and Linux.
      • Archive.org "VNC feature comparison and download selector" ( - 2009-12-29 ).
    • GitHub "RealVNC".
      • GitHub "RealVNC / vnc-4_1_3-winsrc / VNC Open 4.1.3 binaries" - “VNC Open 4.1.3 Release binaries & installers for Windows”.
      • GitHub "RealVNC / vnc-4_1_3-unixsrc / VNC Open 4.1.3 binaries" - “VNC Open 4.1.3 Release binaries & installers for Linux, HP-UX, and Solaris”.
    • Oldversion "RealVNC" - Latest release “RealVNC 5.0.4”.
    • FileHippo "RealVNC" - Latest release “RealVNC 6.11.0”.
    • CHIP "RealVNC (letzte Freeware-Version)", Version 6.7.0, 2020-01 - “Um RealVNC nutzen zu können, müssen Sie sich während der Installation beim Hersteller kostenlos registrieren und den zugeteilten Lizenzkey eintragen” .
  • Lite.
    • RealVNC "Lite".
      • “Get a single-user account with 3 devices that you can connect to one at a time”.
      • “Do more with Raspberry Pi. Connect remotely (and headlessly) to your Raspberry Pi devices”.
    • RealVNC "Dashboard".
    • RealVNC "Download RealVNC Connect" - RealVNC Connect 8 ( combined application with server & viewer ), RealVNC Connect 7 ( separate server & viewer applications ).
      • RealVNC "Download RealVNC Server and Viewer" - RealVNC Connect 7 ( separate server & viewer applications ).
      • RealVNC "Get started with RealVNC Connect" / "Download RealVNC Connect" - RealVNC Connect 8 ( combined application with server & viewer ).
    • Google Play "RealVNC Viewer: Remote Desktop".
  • RealVNC Help.
    • RealVNC Help "Legacy Products".
    • RealVNC Help "RealVNC Connect".
      • RealVNC Help "How do I get started with RealVNC Connect on Linux?".
      • RealVNC Help "Activating a RealVNC Connect Lite subscription".
• Archive.Org "University Of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Virtual Network Computing, hosted in conjunction with The Laboratory for Communications Engineering - VNC".
• EN.Wikipedia "RealVNC".

• TightVNC.
  • TightVNC 2.8.85 for Windows 64-bit & 32-bit.
  • TightVNC 1.3.10 for Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT 4.0, Unix-like systems ( including Linux ).
• EN.Wikipedia "TightVNC".

• TigerVNC - “TigerVNC was originally based on the (never-released) VNC 4 branch of TightVNC”.
  • GitHub "TigerVNC".
    • GitHub "TigerVNC / tigervnc / releases".
    • Wiki GitHub "TigerVNC / tigervnc / Wiki".
      • GitHub "TigerVNC / tigervnc / Wiki / Setup TigerVNC server (Windows)".
  • Package installation:
    1. SourceForge "TigerVNC. Release downloads for the TigerVNC project", SourceForge "TigerVNC. Release downloads for the TigerVNC project" - Binary downloads including downloads for “ubuntu24”, “el9”, “windows”.
    2. RedHat, CentOS, RockyLinux, AlmaLinux: The package was available with RHEL9. With the release of RHEL10, the package was removed .

• uVNC - “UltraVNC Remote Access Tools”.
• GitHub "UltraVNC".
• Sourceforge "UltraVNC", Sourceforge "UltraVNC" - Outdated. “As of 2020-09-24, this project can be found here” ⇒ GitHub.
• EN.Wikipedia "UltraVNC", DE.Wikipedia "UltraVNC" - “The client supports Microsoft Windows and Linux but the server only supports Windows”.

• The commercial “SIMATIC IPC Remote Manager”.
  • Siemens AG "Ab sofort erhältlich: SIMATIC IPC Remote Manager V1.3 (Software) für SIMATIC IPC", 2016.
• 2 interfaces.
  • Web browser interface, for basic AMT operations.
  • RealVNC VNC Viewer Plus, SIEMENS OEM Edition.
• Vendor Mercateo "6ES7648-6EA01-0YA0 Siemens Simatic IPC REMOTE MANAGER".
• Hardware:
  • SIEMENS AG "SIMATIC Box PC" - “Der Box-PC eignet sich zum Messen, Steuern, Regeln und Prüfen von Prozess- und Maschinendaten, die industrielle Bildverarbeitung oder für die dezentrale Visualisierung”.

• “WinCC Sm@rt Server” ( formerly “Sm@rt Service”, “Sm@rt Access” ) → Access to SIEMENS PLCs with a browser. See Automation & Process Logic Control.

• idroot "How To Install VNC Server on AlmaLinux 10".

• $ sudo dnf update -y
  $ sudo dnf upgrade -y
  $ sudo dnf install epel-release
  $ sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
  $ sudo dnf install nano vim net-tools wget curl -y

• Instead of ”$ sudo systemctl status systemd”:

  $ systemctl status

• $ sudo systemctl status firewalld

• Select one of the 2 desktops and install it, if necessary:
  • Installing GNOME Desktop

    $ sudo dnf groupinstall "Server with GUI" -y
    sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

  • Installation of Xfce

    $ sudo dnf groupinstall "Xfce" -y
    $ sudo dnf groupinstall "Xfce" -y

• Download and installation.
  • The package was available with RHEL9. With the release of RHEL10, the package was removed .
    • ”$ sudo dnf install tigervnc-server tigervnc-server-module -y”.
  • After RHEL10 release: Manual download and manual local installation.
• Confirm successful installation by checking installed package versions and verifying service file locations

  $ rpm -qa | grep tigervnc
  $ ls -la /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service

• Intel "Intel vPro Manageability".
• Intel "Intel® Active Management Technology (Intel® AMT) Technical Advisory".
• Intel Community "Intel AMT's KVM functionality can only be used with the on-board Intel GPU".
  • “In my works try to implement vPro, we currently have 100 teams this vPro technology. The trouble is that the pc have video cards (ATI, AMD, G-FORCE). Doing quick test with VNC Viewer Plus gives me the message: Error: 0×80862001: Unsupported or inactive display adapter”.
  • “In order for Intel AMT KVM to work you must use Intel integrated graphics”.

• Geizhals.AT.
  • Geizhals.AT "Q57", Geizhals.AT "Q57M".
  • Geizhals.AT "Q67", Geizhals.AT "Q67M".
• heise "Bürocomputer & Business-Notebooks: Intels vierte vPro-Generation", 2010-02-04.
  • List of remote control software for vpro/AMT.
  • “Für KVM Remote Control braucht man leider spezielle VNC-Software; von RealVNC soll “demnächst” VNC Viewer Plus erscheinen, der mit AMT-6.0-PCs kommuniziert. Laut Intel plant wohl auch TightVNC eine AMT-kompatible Version”.
• Tom's Hardware "Remote PC Management with Intel's vPro".
  • Tom's Hardware "Where Does AMT Fit In?".
• RealVNC Help "VNC Viewer Plus Error Messages", 2023.
  • “Error 0×80862000. Unsupported or inactive display adapter”. “The remote computer has a discrete graphics card that is taking precedence over Intel integrated graphics. Please note this is an Intel, not a RealVNC, error”, “On the remote computer, ensure the onboard GPU is switched on (controlled within the BIOS settings), and the display is attached to the correct adapter port”.
• Wikipedia.
  • EN.Wikipedia "Intel Core", DE.Wikipedia "Intel-Core-i-Serie".
  • EN.Wikipedia "Intel vPro", DE.Wikipedia "Intel vPro" - “AMT-Funktionen”.
  • EN.Wikipedia "x86 virtualization", DE.Wikipedia "Intel Virtualization Technology".
  • EN.Wikipedia "Intel Active Management Technology" - “From major version 6, Intel AMT embeds a proprietary VNC server, so you can connect out-of-band using dedicated VNC-compatible viewer technology, and have full KVM (Keyboard, Video, Mouse) capability throughout the power cycle - including uninterrupted control of the desktop when an operating system loads”.
  • EN.Wikipedia "Intel GMA", DE.Wikipedia "Intel GMA" ( Intel Graphics Media Accelerator ).
  • EN.Wikipedia "Intel HD Graphics".

• Must be shipped with vPro technology.
• Must provide suitable AMT technology ( AMT 6 or newer ). Be aware of motherboards which provide vPro technology but insufficient AMT technology ( e.g. AMT 5 ).

• The motherboard / computer must be shipped with a vPro enabled CPU . With many computers, the manufacturers provide optinal CPUs both with and without vPro, without explicte naming of the vPro feature.
• The bundeling of a vPro CPU with a motherboard is no indictor that the motherboard supports vPro technology. Especially, the support of vPro technology is no indicator that there is sufficent AMT technology.

• “Does your motherboard support Intel vPro Technology with AMT 6 or newer, with activated CPU-internal HD2000 / HD3000 Intel graphics card ?”.
• “Definitely, may I address the switched-off computer by Ethernet network, and log on the internal AMT server and the VNC server?”.

• There is the mission of Intel, to deliver the vPro technology just to the “system houses” and to the “business” sales channel ( → computers shipped with Windows Professional ), not to “consumer electronics supermarkets and consumer electronics store chains” and the “private users” channel ( → computers shipped with Windows Home Premium ).

• Intel DQ57TML ( 1 serial Port via internal header, 1 x PS/2, floppy disk connector ), Intel DQ67OW ( No serial Port via internal header, 1 x PS/2, floppy disk connector, vPro, AMT 7.0, Geizhals.AT "DQ67OW" ), Intel DQ67EP, Intel DQ67SW ).

• “ASUS P8Q67-M DO/CSM Motherboard” ( “1 x parallel port, 1 x COM port(s), 2x PS/2, 1 x internal speaker connector(s), vPro, AMT7. No floppy disk connector . Geizhals.AT "P8Q67-M DO/CSM" ).

• “Foxconn Q67M-S” ( Geizhals.AT "Foxconn Q67M, Q67 (dual PC3-10667U DDR3)" ).

• Q57M.
  • Gigabyte "GA-Q57M-S2H".
  • Geizhals.AT "Gigabyte GA-Q57M-S2H, Q57 (dual PC3-10667U DDR3)".
• Q67M.
  • Gigabyte "GA-Q67M-D2H-B3".
  • Geizhals.AT "Gigabyte GA-Q67M-D2H-B3, Q67 (B3) (dual PC3-10667U DDR3).

• C7SIM-Q.
  • Supermicro "C7SIM-Q".
  • Geizhals.AT "C7SIM-Q, Q57 (dual PC3-10667U)".
• C7Q67.
  • Supermicro "C7Q67"
  • Geizhals.AT "C7Q67".

• Dell OptiPlex 755, Dell OptiPlex 760.
• Dell OptiPlex 990 SF Advanced.
  • There is the rumour that you must order a special option in the online order formular, to activate vPro/AMT remote access, invoiced with 5 EUR. If you don´t do so, the rumour says that then you will get a computer without working remote access. Maybe it is not possible to order this option by the online order process ?! The option might appear in the section “BIOS Configuration Options” in the online order formular. Please contact me if you know what this option is, exactly.
• Dell OptiPlex 990 SFF.
  • heise online, c't 23/2011 - “Prüfstand. Ferngelenkt. vPro-Rechner Dell OptiPlex 990 SFF. Dells Büro-PC Optiplex 990 Small Form Factor kombiniert die schnellste Sandy-Bridge-CPU mit einem kompakten Gehäuse und lässt sich auch aus der Ferne warten”.

• There is a rumour, that you must explicitely choose an order option to get a computer with activated vPro/AMT, invoiced with with 50 EUR .. 100 EUR, in 2012-03.

• In 2014, I was told by Lenovo staff members, that the “T430”, “T440”, “T530”, “T540” ThinkPad notebooks and the “Think Centre M93p” desktop computer once could be ordered with i5-vpro and i7-vpro CPUs.
• The chipset “Intel Q87 Chipset” enables the vPro technology!
• Further, an Intel WLAN network component must be installed. With these special computers, the “Wake on LAN” ( WOL ) technology is then implemented, without further order.
  • EN.Wikipedia "Wake On LAN", DE.Wikipedia "Wake On LAN".

• EN.Wikipedia "Ultrabook", DE.Wikipedia "Ultrabook", usually with with 64 / 128 / 256 KB SDD.
• Most sales of “Ultrabook” notebooks don't claim of AMT technology, i.e. they don't tell if the CPU is with or without Intel vPro, also no claim of AMT technology.

• The monitor with zero client “Fujitsu Technology Solutions GmbH - Zero Client DZ22-2” ( Geizhals.AT "DZ22-2" ).
• The monitor with zero client “Technology Solutions GmbH Zero Client DZ19-2” ( Geizhals.AT "DZ19-2" ).
• The USB stick “Fujitsu Technology Solutions GmbH -Portable Zero Client MZ900”.

• Microsoft.
  • Microsoft Learn "[MS-RDPBCGR]: Remote Desktop Protocol: Basic Connectivity and Graphics Remoting".
  • Microsoft Learn "[MS-RDPRFX]: Remote Desktop Protocol: RemoteFX Codec Extension".
    • Microsoft Learn "3.1.8.1 RemoteFX Progressive Codec Compression".
  • Microsoft Learn "[MS-RDPEVOR]: Remote Desktop Protocol: Video Optimized Remoting Virtual Channel Extension".
• ITU-T Recommendations "ITU-T T.128 (06/2008) Multipoint application sharing".

• FreeRDP.
• GitHub "FreeRDP".
  • GitHub Wiki "FreeRDP".
    • GitHub Wiki, Prebuilds "FreeRDP" - Downloads.
• EN.Wikipedia "List of Remote Desktop Protocol clients" - “FreeRDP is a RDP client/server that started as a fork of rdesktop in 2009”.

• AskUbuntu "Can FreeRDP be used as server?" - “Listed are the steps to install xfreerdp as a server in a linux machine”.

• Activation & Configuration:
  • “GNOME Settings / System / Remote Desktop / Desktop Sharing”.
    • ”[x] Desktop Sharing”, ”[x] Remote Control”.
    • How to connect.
      • “Use a remote desktop app to connect using the RDP protocol. Additional information about the device's network location may also be required”.
      • Hostname = “node11”, Port = “3390” ( or ”3389” ).
      • Login Details: Username = “node11”.
  • “GNOME Settings / System / Remote Desktop / Remote Login”.
    • Press button at top left “Unlock”.
    • ”[x] Remote Login”. “Authenification required” ⇒ Login user password, for the operating system ( e.g. “Alma Linux” ).
      • Hostname = “node11”, Port = “3389”.
      • Login Details: Username = “node11”.
      • Alma Linux messages:
        • “Desktop Sharing port changed. The Desktop Sharing port has changed from 0 to 3389. This is because the Remote Sessions service has been activated and it has a higher priority to use port 0”.
        • “Desktop Sharing port changed. The Desktop Sharing port has changed from 3389 to 3390. This is because the Remote Sessions service has been activated and it has a higher priority to use port 3389”.

• Activation & Configuration:
  • “GNOME Settings / System / Remote Desktop / Desktop Sharing”.
    • ”[x] Desktop Sharing”, ”[x] Remote Control”.
    • How to connect.
      • “Connect to his computer using the device name or remote desktop address”.
        • Device name = “node8”.
        • Remote Desktop Adress =

          ms-rd://node8.local

  • “GNOME Settings / System / Remote Desktop / Remote Login”.
    • ”[x] Remote Login”.

• GNOME Gitlab "gnome-remote-desktop".

• By default, a RDP server session can be locked or disconnected, when the main desktop screen of a Unix PC ( i.e. the main display of a Unix notebook PC ) is locked and requires a new login.
• GNOME Extensions "Allow Locked Remote Desktop" - “Allow remote desktop connections when the screen is locked”.
• GitHub "allow-locked-remote-desktop" - “GNOME Shell extension to allow remote desktop connections when the screen is locked”.

• Google Chrome Remote Desktop.
  • Chrome browser, Win10 PC:
    • “Set up remote access. Set up this computer to be remotely accessed from another device. To get started, click the download button”.
    • Download & installation of http://dl.google.com/edgedl/chrome-remote-desktop/chromeremotedesktophost.msi.
    • Choose a name: “NODE2”.
    • Choose a PIN with at least 6 numbers. You'll need the PIN to connect to this computer remotely: “123456”.
  • Chrome browser, Alma Linux:
    • “To set up Chrome Remote Desktop on this computer, visit http://g.co/crd/headless on another computer to generate a command that you can run over SSH”.
  • Firefox browser, Win10 PC:
    • Install the “Google Chrome Remote Desktop” by a Chrome browser.
    • Call Google Chrome Remote Desktop but skip the “DOWNLOAD CHROME” button.
  • Firefox browser, Linux:
    • Set up another computer Download and install Chrome Remote Desktop on the remote computer:
      • Windows: http://dl.google.com/edgedl/chrome-remote-desktop/chromeremotedesktophost.msi.
      • Debian Linux: http://dl.google.com/linux/direct/chrome-remote-desktop_current_amd64.deb.
  • Firefox browser, RedHat / CentOS / Fedora Linux / Alma Linux:
    • RPM resource "RPM resource chrome-remote-desktop".
• Google Play, Google LLC "Chrome Remote Desktop".
  • Go to the computer that you want to remotely access ( Windows10+ or macOS 10.13+ ).
  • Visit http://www.go.co/crd/setup from your Chrome or Firefox browser.
    • Error message

      503 Service Temporarily Unavailable

• Install the Chrome Remote Desktop software and follow the instructions to complete the setup.
  • After your remote device is setup, you can access it directly from this page.

• Win10Pro:
  • “Settings / Remote Desktop” - ”[x] Enable Remote Desktop”.

• Neutrino Labs.
• xRDP
• GitHub "neutrinolabs / xrdp".
  • GitHub "neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases" - Downloads.
• GitHub "neutrinolabs / xrdporg".
  • GitHub "neutrinolabs/xorgxrdp/releases" - Downloads.
• EN.Wikipedia "Xrdp", DE.Wikipedia "Xrdp".

• GitHub "NeutrinoRDP" - “This is a fork of FreeRDP 1.0.1”.

• rdesktop: A Remote Desktop Protocol Client.
• GitHub "rdesktop".
  • GitHub "rdesktop/rdesktop/releases" - Downloads.
• Infos:
  • Debian Wiki "Rdesktop".
    • “rdesktop currently runs on most UNIX based platforms with the X Window System”.
• EN.Wikipedia "rdesktop", DE.Wikipedia "rdesktop" - “Unlike Remote Desktop Connection in modern versions of Windows, rdesktop still supports the older RDP 4.0 protocol used by Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition and Windows 2000 Server”.

• GNOME Connections, GNOME Connections.
• FlatHub "Connections by The GNOME Project".

• Microsoft Learn "Remote Desktop Connection Manager v3.11".
  • Sysinternals Download "RDCMan.zip".

• “C:\Windows\System32\mstsc.exe”.

• APKMirror "Remote Desktop 8 By Microsoft Corporation" - “8 8.1.82.445”.
• Malavida "Microsoft Remote Desktop Android 8.1.82.445".
• Uptodown "Remote Desktop 8" - “Remote Desktop 8.1.82.445”.
• OldVersion "Microsoft Remote Desktop" - “Microsoft Remote Desktop 8.1.28.2-39”, OldVersion "Microsoft Remote Desktop Beta" - “Microsoft Remote Desktop Beta 8.1.27.344-38”.
• Resources:
  • Archive "Google Play, Microsoft Corporation 'Remote Desktop 8'" ( - 2025-09-29 ), “Updated on Apr 26, 2021”.
  • CHIP "Microsoft Remote Desktop - Android App".

• Burger menu “Screen sharing”.

• Google Play "Windows App" for Android.
  • The Android app “Windows App” may be used to address a local RDP server, by “PC-Verbindung” .
  • There is no parameter setting for the RDP port, i.e. port “3389” is fixed as RDP port .
• Microsoft Store "Windows App" for Windows.
  • The app “Windows App” can't be used to address a local RDP server .
  • Error message “Sign in. Sorry, but we're having trouble signing you in. AADSTS500200: User account 'XXX@YYY.ZZZ' is a personal Microsoft account. Personal Microsoft accounts are not supported for this application unless explicitly invited to an organization. Try signing out and signing back in with an organizational account” .

• On Win10Pro:
  1. Launch by “Ctrl + Windows key + Q”.
  2. Helper (Gives Help): Select “Help someone,” sign in (if prompted), and get a security code to share.
  3. Sharer (Needs Help): Opens Quick Assist, enters the helper's code, and grants permission to share their screen.
  4. Session: The helper sees the sharer's screen and can request full control, use annotation tools, or chat, with the sharer always approving actions.
  5. End Session: Either person can click “Leave” to end the remote session.

• See Scripting Programming Languages for Windows.

• mRemoteNG ( mremoteng.org ), mRemoteNG ( mremoteng.com ).
  • GitHub "mRemoteNG".
• GitHub "mRemoteNG".
• Sourceforge "mRemoteNG".

• Parallels "Parallels RAS. Client Installation File" - Clients for Windows, .DEB & .RHL Linux & Android.
• Google Play, Parallels International GmbH "Parallels Client".
• The RDP port may be set, e.g. “3389” or “3390” .

• The commercial Thincast "RD WebClient" for Windows and Linux.

• ArchLinux Manual "GRDCTL(1)".

• Wiki Dokuwiki "X2Go".
  • “For Linux install the version that comes with your distribution or refer to our nightly builds” .
  • X2Go Wiki "Getting X2Go" - Downloads. “X2Go Package Repositories for GNU/Linux”.
  • X2Go Code "Releases" - Downloads for Windows and MacOSX.
• Infomaniak "kDrive. Secure collaborative cloud in Switzerland".
  • Infomaniak "Download the kDrive application for Windows" - Download of “kDrive-3.7.9.1-amd64.AppImage”.
  • GitHub "Infomaniak / desktop-kDrive".
  • Infomaniak FAQ "Install kDrive on Linux" - Ubuntu.
  • Infomaniak FAQ "Anzeigen und Übertragen der kDrive-Protokolle".
  • Infomaniak FAQ "Use Windows or Linux on Public Cloud" - “Available operating systems.. CentOS 9 Stream,.., Fedora Cloud OS 37.., FreeBSD 13.1”.

• Chemnitzer Linux-Tage 2022 "X2Go – Ein performanter Remote-Desktop, nun auch per Browser", 2022 - “Bislang klassisch als Client-Server-Applikation aufgestellt, lässt sich seit kurzem dank des neuen KDrive-Protokolls jeder moderne Webbrowser mit HTML5-Support als Client nutzen”.
• Linux-Magazin 10/2010 "Terminaldienst X2go bekommt einen Webclient" - “Seit Version 3.01 braucht der Reisende nicht mal einen X2go-Client, Firefox und ein Plugin reichen”.
• X2Go ListServ "[X2Go-Dev] (Semi-)Success Story: x2golient on Android", 2014.

• Royal TS.
  • “Royal TS for Windows”, “Royal TSD Lite for Android”.
    • “Remote Desktop. Based on Microsoft RDP and FreeRDP”.
    • “SSH/Telnet Terminal”.
    • “Rebex.net and PuTTY based SSH and Telnet”.
    • “VNC. Based on TightVNC and UltraVNC”.
    • “Web. Internet Explorer and Chrome based”.
    • “File Transfer. Transfer files using FTP, SFTP and SCP”.
    • “TeamViewer. Connect to and manage TeamViewer sessions”.
    • “VMware. Manage and connect to VMware instances”.
    • “Hyper-V. Manage and connect to Hyper-V instances”.
  • “Royal Server for Windows Server”.
• Apps.
  • Freeware Google Play, Royal Apps GmbH "Royal TSD Lite".
  • Affordable commercial app Google Play, Royal Apps GmbH "Royal TSD" .

• MobaXterm for Windows.
  • MobaXterm "Download".
    • “Home Edition. Free. Full X server and SSH support. Remote desktop (RDP, VNC, Xdmcp). Remote terminal (SSH, telnet, rlogin, Mosh). X11-Forwarding. Automatic SFTP browser”.

• Remmina for Debian Linux & FreeBSD.
  • Remote Access Protocol Plugins: RDP, SSH, SPICE, VNC, X2Go, HTTP/HTTPS.
• Download:
  • FlatHub "Remmina".
  • Canonical Snapcraft "Remmina".
• Source:
  • GitLab "Remmina".
• EN.Wikipedia "Remmina".

• RustDesk for Windows, Unix, Android, Browser.
• GitHub "Rustdesk".
  • Client:
    • GitHub "rustdesk/rustdesk/releases".
      • Only download location for Android APK .
    • RustDesk Web - Online browser-based client.
  • Server:
    • GitHub "rustdesk/rustdesk-server" - OSS Server.
  • Wiki GitHub Wiki "Rustdesk".
    • GitHub Wiki "Rustdesk", FAQ.
• RustDesk Documentation.
  • RustDesk Documentation "RustDesk Client".
  • RustDesk Documentation "RustDesk Client".
• Discord "RustDesk" - Support.
• Twitter "rustdesk, @rustdesk".
  • "We have temporarily unpublished RustDesk from Google Play to prevent further scams targeting users", 2023-09-03.
• Operation:
  • There is no installation, you just run the client.
  • If you run the client on 2 computers connected to the Internet, you may activate screensharing by typing in the “remote ID” of the other computer . There is no need for the “RustDesk Server”. You must not login on the client with an account?!
  • If you run the client on 2 computers connected in a local intranet, you may activate screensharing by typing in the “remote ID” of the other computer .
    • There is no need for the “RustDesk Server”.
    • You must not login on the client with an account .
  • If you setup an own dedicated “RustDesk” server, it negociates as third-party between 2 client computers to be connected. I am unsure in which case this is really necessary, as 2 clients may be connected even without Internet.
• My local network:

• GitHub "Quasar" for Windows.
  • GiHub "quasar/Quasar".
• GitHub Wiki "Quasar".
  • GitHub Wiki "Quasar", "Getting-Started".
    • “5. Building a Client. After starting Quasar.exe for the first time, you will need to build a client for deployment on your computers. Use the button Builder at the top of the Quasar application to start the client configuration” !!!!!!!!!!!!
• AppVeyor "Quasar BUILD534".
• YouTube "QuasarRAT - The Best Windows RAT? - Remote Administration Tool for Windows".
• CISA "Quasar Open-Source Remote Administration Tool".
• MITRE ATT&CK "QuasarRAT, Software S0262".

• The commercial Avica for Windows, Android, Browser - free for noncommercial use.
  • “Free plan - 3 Managed desktop devices”.
  • Smartphone: “Also remote access to this device” ⇒ “Managed mobile devices limit. Upgrade to unlock up to 5 mobile management devices”.

• The commercial AnyDesk for Windows, with smartphone client App - free for noncommercial use.
  • AnyDesk "Pricing" - Price plans “Free”,...”.
  • Google Play "AnyDesk remote PC/Mac control" for Android 5.x, 6.x. Not available for Android 4.2 anymore.
  • Use in LAN.
    • AnyDesk Support "AnyDesk client settings" - “Local port - AnyDesk uses TCP port 7070 by default for direct connections”.
    • Archive.org "AnyDesk Support 'Direct connections over IP'".
      • “There is no time limit for direct connections”.
      • “If AnyDesk is installed on both computers, you should be able to connect by entering the other computer's hostname or IP address in the address field. In this case AnyDesk will make a direct TCP connection (without our servers) to the other computer on port 7070”.
  • You may set a personal permanent password.
  • The free edition is just for Win-Pro , not for Win-Server .
• “Microsoft Remote Desktop”, free client tools for Win-Pro and Win-Server.
  • Google Play, Microsoft "Windows App".
  • Microsoft Ignite "Use the Remote Desktop client for Android and Chrome OS to connect to Remote Desktop Services and remote PCs".
• The commercial but affordable pcvisit Software AG "pcvisit" for Windows and MacOSX.
  • 2025: pcvisit Software AG "Preise" - “Free” & “Profi”.
  • 201X: The software download is free, but if you need any service, you should subscribe for “BASICSUPPORT. Für gelegentlichen Support und Home Office-User”, with annual fee.

• AnyViewer - “Free, Secure and Fast Remote Desktop Software” for Windows & Android.

• Nomachine -“Free Remote Desktop for Everybody”. “NoMachine is your own personal server, private and secure. What’s more, it’s free and you can go even beyond, using the power of Network”. “Guest desktop sharing. Remote desktop sharing with your peers is easy. Authorize guests to connect to your desktop in view or interactive mode”.
  • Nomachine "NoMachine Network. From there to anywhere".
• Sagenext "What is NoMachine? Complete Guide to Download & Key Features".
• AlmaLinux Forums "kDrive app avec AlmaLinux 10.0", 2025-07.

• The commercil Supremo.
  • Clients - “Free for non-professional and/or non-continuous use” .
    • Supremo "Supremo for Windows".
    • Supremo "Supremo for Android", for Android 6.0 or higher.
    • Supremo "Supremo Mobile Assist for Android" for Android 7.0 or higher.
  • Server.
    • Supremo "Remote Desktop pricing and plans" - “Supremo Solo Plan - Although the Supremo Solo plan allows only 1 remote session at a time, John can use his activation code (which he receives when he subscribes to a plan) on an unlimited number of PCs. So he can use the code to activate both his home desktop PC and his laptop. He can then connect to his office PC from either PC, but never at the same time”.
  • My local network:

• The commercial but affordable TeamViewer, with smartphone client App.
  • Google Play "TeamViewer" for Android 4.2 .. 6.0.
  • Password option:
    1. The random password ist a 4-digit number, by default. It is setup by the system and changes each time, that you call the host software.
    2. Personal password.
  • TeamViewer Community "Can TeamViewer be used within a local network (LAN) only?".
  • There a 5-minutes timeout of the host software, for the free edition.
    • Google - Search for "teamviewer 5 minutes".
    • reddit "r/teamviewer" - Thread "teamviewer all of the sudden has a time limit?", 2023.
    • reddit "r/helpwire", Thread "Commercial Use Detected", 2025-09.
  • The free edition is just for Win-Pro , not for Win-Server .

• The commercial GoToMyPC.
• The commercial Matrix42 FastViewer for Windows.
• Netviewer AG.
  • The discontinued commercial NetViewer.
    • The discontinued Archive.org "Netviewer AG 'netviewer support'" for Windows - free for personal non-commercial use.
  • Downloads:
    • CCM "Netviewer Support 6.1.3" for Win98, W2k, WinXP, Vista - “Netviewer Support is a professional remote support solution ... - now freely available for personal use”.
  • Reviews:
    • ComputerBase "Fernwartung: NetViewer oder TeamViewer".
      • “Bei Netviewer brauchen 2 Leute, die sich verbinden möchten, 2 unterschiedliche Netviewer “Versionen” (Meet/Moderator oder so) was für mich ein klares Ausschlusskriterium ist” .
      • “und musst nicht darauf achten ob Du nun die “Support”, “Meet” oder “Moderator” Version startest (wie bei Netviewer )”.
  • EN.Wikipedia "Netviewer", DE.Wikipedia "Netviewer".
    • “As of 2014, the firm offered two different products, ... GoToAssist for remote access. No free versions are available, only trial versions”.
    • “Im April 2011 wurde die Software eingestellt; das Unternehmen möchte nur noch die von Citrix stammenden Produkte GoToMeeting und GoToAssist anbieten”.
• Splashtop.

• The shareware Archive.Org "M-Azlan Software - Reverse HTTP Starter".
  • “Reverse HTTP Starter has many uses. Essentially, it connects the URL (http://...) of a text file and checks it for keywords at a specified interval. If a keyword is found a corresponding batch (*.bat) or executable (*.exe) file is run locally on your computer - usually to perform a certain task. If you want a certain application or script to be performed on a remote computer only when you desire, then all you need to do is upload a text file (i.e. a 'marker') to the URL and once this program checks it for your keyword the task will be run on your remote machine (the same one Reverse HTTP Starter is running on)”.
  • “A good example where this program comes in handy is when using an application such as VNC (Virtual Network Computing). If your workplace is behind a firewall and you need to control your work PC from home you will usually need to establish a 'reverse' connection for it to function. This means that the listening program runs on your home computer but the connection is initiated from your work PC. How are you going to initiate the connection if you're not at work? Just keep Reverse HTTP Starter running in your system tray at work and have it periodically (say every 180 seconds) check the URL for your marker (the text file with your keyword). When it finds the keyword it executes the batch file you have specified which in turn initiates the reverse connection. A detailed example is given in the Help section”.
  • Archive.Org "M-Azlan Software - Reverse HTTP Starter Help".
• Archive.org "M-Azlan Software 'Reverse HTTP Starter 1.7'" ( rhsv1.zip ) - Download of the latest edition.

• Which Unix distribution release provides VNC and / or RDP? - See Unix 10/12 - Unix Applications, “Desktops / GNOME Desktop”.

• GNOME Settings “System / Desktop Sharing - Remote Login ==
  • Google AI: “GNOME's Desktop Sharing lets a helper see/control your current, live session (like VNC/RDP for assistance), while Remote Login provides independent, headless access to the login screen (often via RDP), perfect for connecting when no one's logged in, with the key difference being access to the active session vs. a new session for admin tasks”.
• GNOME Help "Share your desktop".
• GNOME Help "Log in remotely to your device".

• AskUbuntu "How do I install a VNC server?".
• AskUbuntu "Enable RDP from command line".
• Ionos "VNC Server Ubuntu 22.04 installieren: Schritt für Schritt".
• IP-Projects GmbH & Co. KG Knowledge Base "VNC Server unter Debian/Ubuntu installieren".
• nixCraft "Howto / Gnome / How To Install and Configure TigerVNC server on Ubuntu" ( cyberciti.biz ).
• Ubuntuusers Wiki "VNC" - GNOME Vino, RDP, X2Go.
• Windows Pro "xRDP-Server auf Linux installieren und von Windows aus mit AD-Konto verbinden", 2024.

• Fedora User Docs "System Administrator’s Guide / Infrastructure Services / TigerVNC" ( Fedora 40 ).
• Google - Search for "installing vnc on almalinux" - Google AI answer .
• HowToForge "Guide to Install VNC Server on AlmaLinux 9", HowToForge "Anleitung zur Installation von VNC Server auf AlmaLinux 9", 2023.
  • Installation asks to install the packages “XFCE Desktop” and “Xorg”. “GNOME Desktop” is not mentioned.
    • ArchLinux Wiki "Xorg".
• idroot "How To Install VNC Server on AlmaLinux 10".
  • Installation expects that the “systemd” service is operational, by the instruction

    $ sudo systemctl status systemd

  • However, this is not true with my system.
  • The installation instructions suggest to install “GNOME Desktop” or “XFCE Desktop”. XFCE installation completes more quickly than GNOME and consumes significantly less memory during operation. This desktop environment excels in VNC scenarios where network bandwidth or system resources are constrained.
• reddit.
  • reddit "r/linuxquestions", Thread "How to install TigerVNC on AlmaLinux10 ?".
  • reddit "r/linuxadmin", Thread "How to install TigerVNC on AlmaLinux10 ?".
    • “TigerVNC was removed in RHEL 10”.
    • RedHat Bugzilla "Bug 2304324 - [RFE:EPEL10] EPEL10 branch of tigervnc" - “Can tigervnc be branched and built for EPEL10?”.
    • reddit "r/Fedora", Thread "Anyone who managed to get gnome's integrated RDP to work?", 2025-12.
• RedHat Documentation "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / System Administrator’s Guide / Chapter 13. TigerVNC".
• Reintech "Installing and Using VNC Server on AlmaLinux 9", 2024.
• Serverspace "How to Install and Configure TigerVNC Server on CentOS 8 for Remote Desktop Access".
• ServerWorld "AlmaLinux 9 : Configure VNC Server".
• Shapehost "Optimieren Sie den Remote-Zugriff: Installieren Sie den VNC-Server auf AlmaLinux 9 – DE".
• Siberoloji "How to Configure VNC Server on AlmaLinux", 2025.
• SUSE Documentation "Konfigurieren eines Remote-Desktop-Servers unter SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.0".

• AnyViewer "Was ist mstsc.exe und wie verwendet man mstsc?".
• Datacenter-Insider "RDP-Verbindungen- mstsc.exe startet Remotedesktop-­Clients mithilfe von Parametern" - “Mit 'mstsc.exe' können Admins den RDP-Client in Windows starten. Das geht auch mit verschiedenen Parametern. Dadurch lassen sich RDP-Verbindungen flexibler starten und Verbindungen mit Parametern öffnen”.
• Medium "The Windows Process Journey — 'mstsc.exe' (Remote Desktop Connection)", 2023.
• Microsoft Learn "mstsc" - “Creates connections to Remote Desktop Session Host servers or other remote computers and edits an existing Remote Desktop Connection (.rdp) configuration file”.
• Minitool Software "Was ist der MSTSC-Befehl und wie verwendet man ihn zum Ausführen von Remote Desktop".

• Microsoft Support "Solve PC problems remotely using Quick Assist".
• Microsoft Learn "Use Quick Assist to help users".

• Microsoft Support "Präsentieren von Inhalten in Microsoft Teams-Besprechungen".
• Microsoft Tech Community, Microsoft Teams "Teams screen share when on RDP, viewers can only see a black screen" - This message indicates that of course RDP protocol is used with Microsoft Teams .

• Microsoft Learn "Remote Desktop Services", 2023.
  • Microsoft Learn "Get started with the web client".
  • Microsoft Learn "Set up the Remote Desktop web client for your users".
• MyCloudIT Blog "Microsoft Has Released the HTML5-Based RDP Web Client" ( - 2024-07-04 ).
• MatrixPost, Marcus Rath "SSO Single-Sign-On to your onPremise RDS Remote Desktop Services 2016/2019 Environment", 2020 - “Normally, if you want to access a remote desktop services environement, first you have to logon to the RD Web Access Page, therefore you will be prompted with a logon dialog where you have to enter your username and passwor”.
• Windows Pro "Remote Desktop Web Client: Installation, Funktionen, Beschränkungen".

• Microsoft Learn "Change the Remote Desktop listening port on your computer".
• heise "Microsoft stellt Remote Desktop App hastig ein", 2025-03.
• Microsoft "Microsoft Remote Desktop".
  • Microsoft Support "How to use Remote Desktop", Microsoft Support "How to use Remote Desktop".
  • Microsoft Support "Introducing RemoteApp and Desktop Connections", Microsoft Support "Introducing RemoteApp and Desktop Connections".
• Microsoft Learn "Remotedesktopverbindungs-Manager v3.11".
• Microsoft Learn "How do I get the old version of Windows App (Remote Desktop) 10.5.9 (5432)", 2024 - “The Windows App for Windows can't access to local RDP Server”, 2025-09.
• Microsoft Learn "Change the Remote Desktop listening port on your computer".
• Microsoft Support "How to use Remote Desktop", Microsoft Support "Verwendung von Remotedesktop".
• RDP specifications:
  • Google AI Overview: “The 'RDP specifications library' refers to the official Microsoft documentation that details the Remote Desktop Protocol, with the primary specification being '[MS-RDPBCGR]: Remote Desktop Protocol: Basic Connectivity and Graphics Remoting'. This and other related specifications, such as those for extensions like '[MS-RDPERP]: Remote Desktop Protocol: RemoteFX Progressive Codec' and '[MS-RDPEVOR]: Remote Desktop Protocol: Video Optimized Remoting', are available on the Microsoft Learn website”.
  • rdesktop - “The RDP protocol itself is essentially an extension of the ITU-T T.128 (aka T.SHARE) application sharing protocol. Microsoft has recently made RDP specifications openly available via the MSDN library”.
• StackExchange Superuser "Remote Desktop connection without domain name".
• Windows-FAQ "RDP Port", 2024 - “Schritt-für-Schritt Anleitung: Ändern des RDP-Ports in der Windows-Registry”.
• Windows Pro "Remotedesktop in Windows 10 aktivieren, RDP-Verbindung herstellen", 2015.

• reddit "r/firefox", Thread "Replacement for Chrome Remote Desktop?".
  • You can use Firefox to access the Google Remote Desktop client using this website. Skip the DOWNLOAD CHROME button”.
• reddit "r/Fedora", Thread "How do you install Chrome Remote Desktop on Fedora?".
  • “The Fedora Chromium package generates a chrome-remote-desktop subpackage for this reason. It is designed to work with Google Chrome and Chromium... To install ( doesn't work with Alma Linux ):

    sudo dnf install chrome-remote-desktop

• Fedora Discussion "How to start VNC server for running session (wayland)?", 2023-03.
• GNOME Gitlab "VNC support missing", 2023-03.
• Mike Slinn "Ubuntu 22.04 Breaking Changes", 2022-07.
  • “The Ubuntu Desktop”.
  • “GNOME Dumped VNC”.
  • “VNC and systemd” ⇒ “After much searching I found Archive.org "Techview 'LeoInstall RealVNC Server and Client on Ubuntu 22.04|20.04|18.04'" by Frankline Bett. This article was the only one that seemed to explain how to work with systemd properly, and it uses the existing desktop graphical server, instead of installing something another like xfce4 or Mate”.
• Stack Exchange, Unix & Linux "Supporting VNC on wayland (debian trixie)", 2025.
• Archive.org "Techview 'LeoInstall RealVNC Server and Client on Ubuntu 22.04|20.04|18.04'", 2022-09 ( - 2023-03-17 ). '

• Almalinux Forums "How to install XFCE with VNC along with web server", 2021-10.
• Google AI: “Yes, XFCE has excellent VNC support because it's a lightweight desktop environment, making it ideal for remote access; you typically install a VNC server like TigerVNC, TightVNC, or RealVNC, configure it to launch the XFCE session (using startxfce4 or similar), and then connect from a client, often over an SSH tunnel for security”.
• reddit "r/debian", Thread "[HELP] Easy VNC steps", 2025-12.

• GitHub Gist "mixalbl4-127 / VNC_Server_On_Ubuntu_22.04LTS.md"
• goNeuland.de "Sicherer Remote Zugriff – XFCE Desktop auf Debian 12 installieren und per VNC über SSH verbinden", 2025-03.
• HowToForge "Anleitung zur Installation von VNC Server auf AlmaLinux 9", 2023-07.
• Ubuntusers Forum "VNC Server - Wie den XFCE-Desktop freigeben", 2007.
• XFCE Forum "[SOLVED] Starting Xfce to use with TightVNC-Server", 2019-10 - Debian or CentOS?
• XFCE Forum "VNC server for XFCE 4.18.3 on Ubuntu 24.04", 2025-02.

• Ubuntuuser Wiki "X2Go".

• The hosts file “hosts” of Windows is at “C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc”, i.e. “C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\host”.

   localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
  #	127.0.0.1       localhost
  #	::1             localhost
  192.168.178.1 node1
  192.168.178.2 node2
  192.168.178.3 node3
  192.168.178.4 node4
  192.168.178.5 node5
  192.168.178.6 node6
  192.168.178.7 node7
  192.168.178.8 node8
  192.168.178.9 node9
  192.168.178.10 node10
  192.168.178.11 node11
  

• askUbuntu "GNOME Screen Sharing VNC 23.04".
  • “Ubuntu 20.04 used the deprecated and unmaintained vino (VNC only) server”.
  • “Starting with Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu uses gnome-remote-desktop as remote desktop server, instead of vino”.
  • “gnome-remote-desktop itself has two backends: One RDP backend, and one VNC backend. Both backends are build options: While in Ubuntu 22.04, the Ubuntu Desktop Team decided to build gnome-remote-desktop with both backends, they changed that decision to build gnome-remote-desktop only with the RDP backend starting with Ubuntu 22.10”.
  • “Thus, there is no more a VNC backend in Ubuntu by default. It is still in gnome-remote-desktop itself, but not in Ubuntus build with 22.10 and later”.
• Avica "Top 10 Remote Desktop (RDP) Alternatives in 2024", 2024.
• Geekflare "9 Remote Desktop (RDP) Clients für Windows, macOS und Linux".
• Uni Tübingen "Windows Remote Desktop / Terminal Server Clients für verschiedene Geräte und Betriebssysteme".
• EN.Wikipedia "VNC", DE.Wikipedia "Virtual Network Computing".
• EN.Wikipedia "Remote Desktop Protocol", DE.Wikipedia "Remote Desktop Protocol".
• EN.Wikipedia "List of Remote Desktop Protocol clients".

• Google Groups "TigerVNC User Discussion/Support".
• RealVNC Help.
  • RealVNC Help "Community".