[hemmerling] Unix 10/12 - Unix Applications

Related pages:

• Booting from Devices.
• Google Android.
• Content Management Systems ( CMS ).
• Debian Linux 1/4.
• Debian Linux 2/4.
• Linux LPIC-1.
• Linux LPIC-2.
• Linux Skills & Skill Certification.
• Portable Document Format ( PDF ).
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL ), The CentOS Project ( CentOS ), Fedora Linux ( F ), AlmaLinux ( Alma ), Rocky Linux ( RL ), openSUSE, Amazon Linux ( AL ).
• Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients.
• Unix 1/12.
• Unix 2/12 - Linux & BSD Distributions.
• Unix 3/12 - Unix Boot Loaders, Unix Build Systems, Unix Installers and Linux & BSD Implementors.
• Unix 4/12 - Unix Applications, Unix Tools and Unix Drivers.
• Unix 5/12 - SUSE 7.1 Linux on Clevo 2700c Notebooks with SIS630S Chipset.
• Unix 6/12 - Unix with X-Terminals and Terminals.
• Unix 7/12 - Unix on X86, X64 and ARM Computers.
• Unix 8/12 - Embedded Systems with Unix.
• Unix 9/12 - Virtualisation with Unix.
• Unix 11/12.
• Unix 12/12.

• “Files” / “Nautilus”.
  • GNOME Apps "Files" - “Files, also known as Nautilus, is the default file manager of the GNOME desktop”.
  • Ubuntuusers "Nautilus".
    • “Die Funktionen von Nautilus umfassen unter anderem das Anlegen und Verwalten von Dateien, Voransichten für ausgewählte Dateitypen und den Zugriff auf entfernte Freigaben. Zudem besitzt er eine Schnittstelle für Erweiterungen, um den Funktionsumfang zu erweitern”.
    • “Mit der Version 3.6 wurde der Funktionsumfang von Nautilus auf wesentliche Funktionen reduziert. Es gibt mit Nemo eine Abspaltung (Fork), die auf Basis von Nautilus 3.4 weiterentwickelt wird. Nemo knüpft an den Funktionsumfang früherer Nautilus-Versionen an”.
  • Caja, Nemo ⇒ See Unix 2/12 - Linux & BSD Distributions.
    • Ubuntuusers "Caja" - “Caja ist der Standard-Dateimanager der Desktop-Umgebung MATE”.
    • Ubuntuusers "Nemo" - “Er ist der Standard-Dateimanager von Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Unity und Ubuntu Cinnamon” ( and Linux Mint Cinnamon ).
• Midnight Commander, with a terminal-based GUI.
  • EN.Wikipedia "Midnight Commander", DE.Wikipedia "Midnight Commander".
  • Debian & Ubuntu installation:

    $ sudo apt-get install mc

  • CentOS installation:

    $ sudo dnf install mc

• KDE Apps "Ark".
  • GitHub "KDE / ark" - File archiver by KDE.
  • KDE GitLab Community Edition "Ark".
• B1 - Unrar online, Unzip online, unzip, unrar, rar, extract online, uncompress files, archive.
  • Graphical file managers for both Windows & Linux .
    • B1 Archiver for Linux.
      • B1 "Linux" ( - 2025-01-18 ).
        • Archive.org "B1 'Download B1 Archiver for Linux'" ( - 2025-07-26 ).
          • “Available for: Ubuntu 13.10, Ubuntu 13.04, Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS” .
          • “b1freearchiver_current_stable_i386.deb”.
      • Canonical Snapcraft "b1freearchiver" - 19 April 2023 - latest/stable, 29 March 2018 - latest/edge. Screenshot of graphical UI for Linux. Link to the Linux download page of the B1 website.
      • Learn Ubuntu MATE "B1 Free Archiver".
    • Softonic "B1 Free Archiver for Windows" - “Latest update: March 13, 2013” .
  • EN.Wikipedia "B1 Free Archiver".
• “File Roller” ( formerly “GNOME Archive Manager” ) for GNOME.
  • SourceForge "File Roller", SourceForge "File Roller".

    sudo apt-get install file-roller
    sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
    sudo apt-get install p7zip-rar
    

  • Do we really need?

    sudo apt-get install unrar
    

  • EN.Wikipedia "File Roller", DE.Wikipedia "File Roller".
• “FreeArc” for Linux.
  • Archive.org "FreeArc" ( - 2016-11-18 ) - Latest release is named “FreeArc 0.666 (May 20, 2010)”, but no dowload archived .
  • SourceForge "FreeArc", SourceForge "FreeArc" - Latest release is “FreeArc-0.51” of 2009 .
  • GitHub "Bulat-Ziganshin / FA" - “FreeArc'Next”.
  • EN.Wikipedia "FreeArc".
• GitHub.io "PeaZip".
  • GitHub.io "PeaZip for Linux".
  • GitHub "peazip / PeaZip".
• “Xarchiver” - Default archiving application of Xfce and LXDE.
  • GitHub "ib / xarchiver".
  • SourceForge "Xarchiver", SourceForge "Xarchiver" - Outdated.

    sudo apt-get install xarchiver
    

  • EN.Wikipedia "Xarchiver", DE.Wikipedia "Xarchiver".

• 7-Zip for Windows, Linux.
  • Download packages for Linux in ”.tar.xz” format.
  • For Windows 7-Zip has a graphical UI , but not for Linux .
  • EN.Wikipedia "7-Zip", DE.Wikipedia "7-Zip".
• “7z”.
  • die.net "7z(1) - Linux man page".
• “ar”.
  • die.net "ar(1) - Linux man page".
• “bzip2”.
  • die.net "bzip2(1) - Linux man page".
• “compress”.
  • EN.Wikipedia "compress (software)", DE.Wikipedia "Compress" - “Although once popular, compress has fallen out of favor because it uses the patented LZW algorithm. Its use has been replaced by commands such as gzip and bzip2 that use other algorithms and provide better data compression”.
• “cpio”.
  • die.net "cpio(1) - Linux man page".
• “gzip”.
  • die.net "gzip(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "gunzip(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "zcat(1) - Linux man page".
• “P7ZIP”.
  • SourceForge "P7ZIP", SourceForge "P7ZIP".
    • DE.Wikipedia "P7zip".
    • EN.Wikipedia "7-Zip" - “Forks. p7zip is a deprecated port of 7-Zip to Unix-like operating systems (including Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS), FreeDOS, OpenVMS, AmigaOS 4, and MorphOS. Since support for Unix-like operating systems has officially been added to upstream 7-Zip in version 21.01, the p7zip fork has become obsolete and is no longer updated; the last available version of p7zip is 16.02”.
• “RAR”.
  • WinRAR "RAR for Linux & Mac".
    • WinRAR "Downloads".
      • RAR 7.12 for Linux English 64 bit ( .tar.gz ).
      • RAR 7.12 for FreeBSD English 64 bit ( .tar.gz ).
    • “WinRAR products for Linux & Mac are only available in the Command Line version... WinRAR products support all .rar and .zip archive files and works with most other popular file types, including CAB, ARJ, GZ, TAR, ACR, JAR, ISO, 7Z, XZ, and many, many more”.
    • In opposite for Windows, there are no “oldversion” Internet archives for former releases of commercial freeware and trialware, like RAR for Linux .
  • WinRAR-Full.com – an unofficial website created by WinRAR fans "WinRAR (RAR) for Linux" - “RAR 7.12 for Linux English 32 bit” is the release 32-bit Linux.
    • Download WinRAR for Linux x32.
    • Download WinRAR for Linux x64.
    • Download WinRAR for FreeBSD.
    • Download RAR help.
• “rsync”.
  • die.net "rsync(1) - Linux man page".
  • The equivalent tool on Windows is “robocopy” , see Network Tools 1/2.
  • Techmint #1 Linux Blog "How to Use Rsync Command in Linux: 16 Practical Examples".
  • EN.Wikipedia "rsync", DE.Wikipedia "rsync" - “rsync (remote sync) is a utility for transferring and synchronizing files between a computer and a storage drive and across networked computers by comparing the modification times and sizes of files”.
• “shar”.
  • die.net "shar(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "unshar(1) - Linux man page".
• “tar”.
  • Michael Kerrisk - man7.org "tar(1) — Linux manual page"
  • Techmint #1 Linux Blog "18 Tar Command Examples in Linux".
• “xz”.
  • die.net "xz(1) - Linux man page".
• “zip”.
  • die.net "zip(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "zip(3) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "zipinfo(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "unzip(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "advzip(1) - Linux man page".
  • die.net "zipcmp(1) - Linux man page".

• The free online service B1 - Unrar online, Unzip online, unzip, unrar, rar, extract online, uncompress files, archive.
  • EN.Wikipedia "B1 Free Archiver".

• See Content Management Systems ( CMS ) - “Archivers”.
• AlternativeTo "WinRAR Alternatives for Linux".
• AlternativeTo "7-Zip Alternatives for Linux".
• AskUbuntu "What is a Linux equivalent to pkzip or winzip or the GUI version of 7zip?".
• AskUbuntu "What's the easiest way to unrar a file?".
  • “The unrar package is hosted on the Multiverse repository, so first you'll need to enable the Multiverse repository in Software & Updates”.
• die.net "15.5. File and Archiving Commands".
  • Archiving: tar, shar, ar, rpm, cpio, rpm2cpio.
  • Compression: gzip, bzip2, sq, zip & unzip, unarc & unarj & unrar.
  • File Information: file, which, whereis, whatis, vdir, locate & slocate, readlink, strings.
  • Comparison: diff & patch, diff3, sdiff, cmp, comm.
  • Utilities: basename, dirname, split & csplit.
  • Encoding and Encryption: sum & cksum & md5sum & sha1sum, shred, uuencode, uudecode, mimencode & mmencode, crypt.
  • Miscellaneous: mktemp, make, install, dos2unix, ptx, more & less.
• Red Hat Blog "Replace your Linux file manager with Midnight Commander", 2022.
• StackExchange "How to use p7zip to open RAR files?".
• Techmint #1 Linux Blog "Peazip – A Portable File Manager and Archive Tool for Linux".
• Techmint #1 Linux Blog "How to Install tar in CentOS, RHEL, and Fedora".
• Techmint #1 Linux Blog "5 Best Command Line Archive Tools for Linux – Part 1" - tar, shar, ar, cpio, gzip.
• Techmint #1 Linux Blog "5 Advanced Archive Tools for Linux Command Line – Part 2" - bzip2, xz, zip, rar, 7zip.

• For Firefox on Linux, i.e. “Firefox ESR 128.13.0esr (64-bit)” on AlmaLinux, there is no “Update” button at “Help / About Firefox” .

• linuxiac "How to Install Google Chrome on AlmaLinux 8/9 and Rocky Linux 8/9".
  1. Download and Import Google’s GPG Key fails .
     • GitHub "Unknown policy NO-SHA1: file NO-SHA1.pmod not found #12178", 2024-07.

       $ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub
       
       $sudo rpm --import linux_signing_key.pub
       warning: Certificate 7721F63BD38B4796:
         Subkey 4EB27DB2A3B88B8B is expired: The subkey is not live
         Policy rejects subkey 1397BC53640DB551: Policy rejected non-revocation signature (PrimaryKeyBinding) requiring second pre-image resistance
         Subkey 78BD65473CB3BD13 is expired: The subkey is not live
         Policy rejects subkey 6494C6D6997C215E: Policy rejected non-revocation signature (PrimaryKeyBinding) requiring second pre-image resistance
       
       $ sudo update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:SHA1
       Unknown policy `SHA1`: file `SHA1.pmod` not found in (., policies/modules, /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules, /usr/share/crypto-policies/policies/modules)
       
       $ sudo rpm --import linux_signing_key.pub
       $ sudo update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT

  2. Download of Google Chrome RPM Installation Package.

     $ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
     $ sudo dnf localinstall google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
     $ sudo dnf repolist
     

• Opera Browser "Download".
  • Linux .DEB, .RPM, ( snap ).
  • Installation after download

    sudo apt install ./Downloads/opera-stable_XXXX_amd64.deb
    sudo yum install ./Downloads/opera-stable_XXXX_amd64.rpm -y
    

• Canonical Snapcraft "Opera".
  • Installation by Snap:

    sudo snap install opera
    

• Opera Repository "rpm.opera.com/rpm".
• Use editor “nano” to create or update the Opera repository configuration file

  $ sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/opera.repo<code>
  [opera]
  name=Opera packages
  type=rpm-md
  baseurl=https://rpm.opera.com/rpm
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=https://rpm.opera.com/rpmrepo.key
  enabled=1

• Installation by “dnf”

  $ sudo dnf install opera-stable -y
  

• Resources:
  • idroot "How To Install Opera Browser on AlmaLinux 10".

• Opera Repository "deb.opera.com/opera".
• Is the “Release.gpg” file the right one?
• Use editor “nano” to create or update the Opera repository configuration file

  $ sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/opera.repo<code>
  [opera]
  name=Opera packages
  type=deb
  baseurl=https://deb.opera.com/opera/pool/non-free/o/opera-stable
  gpgcheck=1
  gpgkey=http://deb.opera.com/opera/dists/stable/Release.gpg
  enabled=1

  • Installation by “ardnf”

    $ sudo apt install opera-stable -y
    

• Debian Wiki "SourcesList".

• Yandex Browser ( browser.yandex.ru ) - Download links at bottom of page.
  • Yandex "Yandex Browser for Linux" - Download links at bottom of page.
  • Yandex Support "Browser / Install".
• .deb download and installation:
  • “Astra Linux” & “Alt OS and Simply Linux” ( “ОС Альт и Simply Linux” ):

    $ apt-get update 
    $ sudo apt-get install yandex-browser-stable

• Debian, Mint, Ubuntu:
  • Download of “Yandex.deb” by website, installation by:

    $ apt-get update 
    $ sudo apt install ./Downloads/Yandex.deb
    

• .rpm download and installation:
  • “RED OS” ( “РЕД ОС” ) & “ROSA OS” ( “ОС РОСА”).
    • Download by Yandex Browser Downloader ( RPM ).
    • Direct download: yandex-browser-stable.rpm.
    • Installation:

      sudo yum install ./Downloads/yandex-browser-stable.rpm -y

    • Installation by DNF:

      $ sudo dnf install yandex-browser-stable

  • Redhat, CentOS, Fedora:
    • Download of “Yandex.rpm” by website, installation by:

      sudo yum install ./Downloads/Yandex.rpm -y
      

• "How to Install Yandex Browser on Ubuntu 24.04, 22.04 or 20.04":

  $ sudo apt update 
  $ sudo apt install curl apt-transport-https -y
  
  $ curl -fSsL https://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/YANDEX-BROWSER-KEY.GPG | sudo gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/yandex.gpg
  
  $ echo deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/yandex.gpg] http://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/deb stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yandex-stable.list
  $# or
  $ echo deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/yandex.gpg] http://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/deb beta main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yandex-beta.list
  

• Flathub "Yandex Browser".

• Canonical Snapcraft "Yandex browser".
  • Installation by Snap:

    $ sudo apt update
    $ sudo snap install yandex-browser --beta
    

• Yandex Repository "rpm/stable/x86_64".
  1. Use editor “nano” to create or update the Opera repository configuration file

     $ sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/opera.repo<code>
     [opera]
     name=Opera packages
     type=rpm-md
     baseurl=https://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/rpm/stable/x86_64
     gpgcheck=1
     gpgkey=https://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/YANDEX-BROWSER-KEY.GPG
     enabled=1

  • Installation by “dnf”

    $ sudo dnf install opera-stable -y
    

• Yandex Repository "deb/pool/main/y/yandex-browser-stable".
  1. Use editor “nano” to create or update the Opera repository configuration file

     $ sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/opera.repo<code>
     [opera]
     name=Opera packages
     type=deb
     baseurl=https://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/deb/pool/main/y/yandex-browser-stable
     gpgcheck=1
     gpgkey=https://repo.yandex.ru/yandex-browser/YANDEX-BROWSER-KEY.GPG
     enabled=1

  • Installation by “apt-get”

    $ sudo apt-get  install yandex-browser-stable -y
    

• See Remote Access Tools for Computers & Network Clients.
• heise online "Opera in Linux installieren".

• Flatpak.
• Flathub - The App Store for Linux.
• ubuntuusers Wiki "Flatpak".

• Canonical Snapcraft - “The app store for Linux”.
  • Canonical Snapcraft Documentation "Installing snap on Debian".
  • Canonical Snapcraft Forum "Where is a snap stored and how can I change that?".
    • “By default they are in /var/lib/snapd/snaps for snaps installed from the store”.
  • Canonical Snapcraft "Install codec on Red Hat Enterprise Linux".
  • Snap is available for Debian, Ubuntu and CentOS / AlmaLinux.
• AskUbuntu "How to uninstall a package installed from snapcraft?" - Use sudo snap remove –purge snapname to completely remove a snap package, including all of its revision loop drives. Only by doing so, will the hard drive space be made available again

  sudo snap remove --purge PACKAGE

• EN.Wikipedia "Snap (software)", EN.Wikipedia "Snappy (Paketverwaltung)".

• CHIP "Adobe Reader für Linux. Version 9.5.5", latest release of 2015-02-20 .
• GNOME.
  • GNOME Wiki "Apps/Evince" - “This site has been retired” .
    • ubuntuusers Wiki "Evince" - “Ist der Standard-Dokumentenbetrachter der Desktop-Umgebung GNOME bis einschließlich [Ubuntu 24.10] (Nachfolger papers)”.
  • GNOME Apps "Papers".
• KDE.
  • KDE "Okular - The Universal Document Viewer" for KDE5.
    • EN.Wikipedia "Okular", DE.Wikipedia "Okular (Software)".
  • KDE4:
    • KGhostView.
    • KFax.
    • KFaxview.
    • KDVI.
• Browsers like Firefox may display PDF documents.

• See Portable Document Format ( PDF ).
• AlmaLinux 10 is shipped with “GNOME Papers” , but neither with “GNOME Evince” nort with “KDE Okular” .
• Debian Wiki "PDF" - “PDF Viewers / Readers”.
• Techmin - #1 Linux Blog "10 Best PDF Document Viewers for Linux Systems".

• OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Linux".
  • OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Linux: Embedded".
  • OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Linux: Platforms".
• OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Embedded".
• OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Realtime".
  • OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Realtime: Open Source".
  • OpenDirectory "Top: Computers: Software: Operating Systems: Realtime: Linux".