[hemmerling] Device Description Languages and Device Parameterization

Related page:

• Development and Operations ( DevOps ).
• Distributed Control Systems ( DCS ).
• Software Installation as well as Desired State Control & State Monitoring of Software.
• Referenzarchitekturmodell Industrie 4.0 ( RAMI 4.0 ), Digital Twin and Asset Administration Shell.
• Textual and Graphical Modeling by Domain Specific Languages.

• See Software Frameworks.

• See Referenzarchitekturmodell Industrie 4.0 ( RAMI 4.0 ), Digital Twin and Asset Administration Shell.

• See Scripting Programming Languages for Windows.

• Microsoft TechNet Script Center "DSC Resource Kit (All Modules)", 2015-02-19 - “DSC Resource Kit Wave 10”.
• Microsoft TechNet Script Center "xPSDesiredStateConfiguration Module – PowerShell DSC Resource Kit" - The module code is included in the complete wave package 10 and later, but the extra example DSC files are great!

• GitHub "inchara/ShowDscResource".

• Twitter "jsnover" - “Microsoft Distinguished Engineer/ Lead Architect for Windows Server and System Center Datacenter/ PowerShell Architect / Science fan / Really bad speller”.
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• Microsoft TechnNet Blogs "Building Clouds ...building hybrid clouds that can support any device from anywhere".
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  • Microsoft TechnNet Blogs "Building Clouds ...building hybrid clouds that can support any device from anywhere", article "PowerShell DSC Blog Series–Part 2, Authoring DSC Resources when Cmdlets already exist".
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• Microsoft TechnNet Blogs "Building Clouds ...building hybrid clouds that can support any device from anywhere", article "Introducing PowerShell Desired State Configuration (DSC)".
• PowerShell.org "Desired State Configuration" - “Jeff Hicks gave a presentation entitled “Getting Started with Desired State Configuration (DSC)”.

• GitHub "MSFTOSSMgmt/WPSDSCLinux".
• Microsoft Download Center "PowerShell Desired State Configuration for Linux".
• OpenGroup "Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) 'CIM/WBEM Manageability Services Broker'".
• Powershell SSH Modules.
  • CodePlex "SSH.NET Library".
  • GitHub "darkoperator/Posh-SSH" - “PowerShell Module for automating tasks on remote systems using SSH”.
  • Joakim Svenson "SSH from PowerShell using the SSH.NET library".

• Thorsten Butz "CIMLingen 2015", Sliding Windows Audiocast.
  • Thorsten Butz "CIMLingen 2015" - “Ich sprach auf der CIMLingen 2015 über die finale Version der “Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration for Linux” (WPSDSCLinux)”.

• Distributed Management Task Force, Inc..
  • Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. "Common Information Model CIM".
  • Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. "CIM & MOF Tutorial".
    • Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Tutorial.
• Microsoft Developer Network "Managed Object Format (MOF)".

• See Development and Operations ( DevOps ).

• Microsoft "Microsoft Common Engineering Criteria".
• Microsoft MSDN Blogs "Malcolm Bullock - Geek talking", article "Do you know about the Microsoft Common Engineering Criteria?".
• Microsoft TechNet "Common Engineering Criteria".
• EN.Wikipedia "Microsoft Common Engineering Criteria".

• <AutomationML>.
• Beuth Verlag "DIN EN 62714-1:2012-06 "Datenaustauschformat für Planungsdaten industrieller Automatisierungssysteme (AutomationML) - Teil 1: Architektur und allgemeine Festlegungen (IEC 65E/223/CD:2011)".
• Beuth Verlag "DIN EN 62714-2:2013-04 "Datenaustauschformat für Planungsdaten industrieller Automatisierungssysteme - AutomationML - Teil 2: Rollenbibliotheken (IEC 65E/250/CD:2012)".
• OPC Foundation "AutomationML and OPC UA Cooperate", 2013.
  • <AutomationML> is used as a container for OPC-UA.
  • By <AutomationML> the capabilities of devices are described.
  • The OPC-UA server may be fed with <AutomationML> data to learn about new devices.
• <AutomationML> is a subset of EN.Wikipedia "CAEX", DE.Wikipedia "CAEX".
• Fraunhofer IOSB "Gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe OPC UA und Automation ML".

• PLCopen - “for efficiency in automation”.
  • PLCopen "TC1 - Standards".
  • PLCopen "PLCopen XML" - “TC6 - XML Schemes”.
  • PLCopen "XML intro" - “PLCopen adds independent schemes to IEC 61131-3”.
    • Status of the PLCopen TC6 – XML work:
      • “PLCopen published he XML schema and documentation in June 2005 as version 1.01”.
      • “With a new initiative called AutomationML we have come to a new phase”.
• EN.Wikipedia "PLCopen", DE.Wikipedia "PLCopen".

• Companies which sell DCS ( see Distributed Control Systems ( DCS ), especially SIEMENS, Emerson, are the traditional supporters of EDS / EDDS.
• The DCS has enough “intelligence” to do the device management, so that the device might be described by a simple static text file.

• ifak system GmbH.
• ifak system GmbH "isEDD Workbench".

• SIMATIC PDM (Process Device Manager).
  • “FDI host. SIMATIC PDM is ready for the future. As an FDI host, SIMATIC PDM can now also process field devices that are described in the new standardized FDI integration technology (Field Device Integration). In SIMATIC PDM, the integration, processing and display of field devices described via FDI device description packages take place similarly to the integration technologies used to date”.
• Siemens Industry Online Support "SIMATIC PDM".
  • SIMATIC Prozessleitsystem PCS 7 Maintenance Station Funktionshandbuch ( PDF ).
• SIEMENS "Delivery release: SIMATIC PDM V9.1", 2017-12-17 - “This new SIMATIC PDM V9.1 version introduces support for the new FDI technology for device integration. The standardized FDI technology is an open integration technology for field devices in parameter assignment and diagnostic tools. The Device Integration Manager (DIM) of SIMATIC PDM enables the integration of FDI device description packages created on the basis of the FDI specification V1.2.”.

• Experts told me about the incompatibility of EDD / EDDL parsers & interpreters of different vendors... though EDDLs are normed by “IEC 61804-3”.
• Experts told me, that in the late 2000s, EDDS was extended to provide support for simple graphics and data management.
• Electronic Device Description Language (EDDL) by FDI Cooperation, LLC.
• EN.Wikipedia "Device Description Language", DE.Wikipedia "Device Description Language".

• Companies which don't sell a DCS ( see Distributed Control Systems ( DCS ), especially Endress+Hauser, KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH, VEGA Grieshaber KG are the traditional supporters of FDT / FDI. In addion, ABB, though selling even 2 DCS, is a traditioal supporter of FDT / FDI, too.
• FDI / FDT should bring “intelligence” and the option for dynamic configuration into device management, without the need for an expensive DCS. So local device management without the overhead of an expensive DCS is needed and wanted by customers with little budgets and little number of devices.

• Fieldcom Group is the successor of FDI Cooperation, LLC and some other organisations.
  • “Formerly “FDI Cooperation, LLC” membership includes five major automation foundations:
    • FDT Group,
    • Fieldbus Foundation,
    • HART Communications Foundation,
    • PROFIBUS & PROFINET International, and the
    • OPC Foundation”.
• Fieldcom Group also superceeds EDDL Cooperation Team (ECT).

• The software architecture of FDI is based on:
  • “Microsoft .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) 4.0”.
    • Microsoft Developer Network "Common Language Runtime (CLR)".
    • EN.Wikipedia ".NET Framework", DE.Wikipedia ".NET Framework", DE.Wikipedia ".NET Framework version history".
  • “Windows Presentation Foundation”.
  • Microsoft Developer Network "Windows Presentation Foundation".
  • EN.Wikipedia "Windows Presentation Foundation", DE.Wikipedia "Windows Presentation Foundation".
• Just for the process industry, FDI shall reunite both FDI and EDDL.
• Experts told me that:
  • FDI is technically obselete and just a political compromise to include those ( big ) companies which favoured EDDL over FDI in the past.
  • Technically FDT is sufficient for all purposes. As there are now a free FDI plugins for FDT frames, you may operate both FDT 1.2, FDT 2.0 and FDI from a single FDT 2.0 frame application.
• As of 2016-02, FDI is limited to the fieldbus standards HART, Fieldbus Foundation and ”PROFIBUS PA”. According to experts, there are currently no further plans to offer support of all the fieldbus protocols supported by FDT.

• Book Daniel Großmann, Michael Braun, Benjamin Danzer, Matthias Riedl "FDI - Field Device Integration: Handbuch für die einheitliche Integrationstechnologie", 2013.
• Book D. Großmann, M. Braun, B. Danzer, A. Kaiser, M. Riedl "FDI - Field Device Integration: Handbook for the unified Device Integration Technology", 2015.

• The free ABB "Field Information Manager".

• iDTM-FDI by CodeWrights GmbH, a free FDI plugin for FDT frame applications - “iDTM-FDI is the FDI adapter for every FDT Host. Try it out right now, with the Tech Preview”.

• FieldComm Group "FDI Package IDE".

• FDT Group.
  • FDT Group "Technical documents".
  • YouTube "FDT Group".
  • DE.Wikipedia "Field Device Tool".

• FDT 1.0 / 2.0 is available for devices both used by the automation industry and the process industry.
• Fieldbus support:
  • For the process industry ( HART, Fieldbus Foundation, Profibus PA ).
  • For the automation industry ( Profibus DP, ProfiNET, Ethernet IP, CanOpen, Sercos, Ethercat,..).

• CodeWrights GmbH - “DTM Studio” development software.
• ICS GmbH – Spezialist für anspruchsvolle Software-Tools in der Automation.
  • ICS GmbH "Download" - “Download and Test Device Type Manager”.
  • ICS GmbH "Development of Individual Device Type Managers based on the DTM Master Concept".
• ifak system GmbH.
  • Partner ifak - Institut für Automation und Kommunikation e. V. Magdeburg.
  • ifak system GmbH "Werkzeuge".
    • ifak system GmbH "isDTM Architect FDT2".
    • ifak system GmbH "FDI Package" - “An FDI package can contain programmed user interfaces, so called UIPs – User Interface Plugins that implement complex device commissioning and diagnostic functions”.
• M&M Software GmbH.
  • M&M "dtmMANAGER development suite" - The license limits the development of DTMs for in-house purposes of the customer. I.e. you can´t provide self-developed DTMs to third parties as your own customers.
  • M&M "dtmINSPECTOR" - “The official certificate issued by the FDT Group gives your DTM the seal of approval. It confirms a DTM’s conformity to the FDT specification and therefore plays an important role in assuring your DTM’s quality... dtmINSPECTOR is the one and only DTM test and certification tool officially approved by the FDT Group”.

• Book Rene Simon "Field Device Tool - FDT (Englisch)", 2005 ( in English ).
• Book René Simon, Thomas Kleegrewe, Rolf Birkhofer, Jörg Jeske, Oliver Mergret "Field Device Tool - FDT", Rene Simon "Field Device Tool - FDT", 2003.

• PACTware is a free frame software for Windows with .NET 2.0.
  • PACTware 4.1 and earlier support FDT 1.2, only.
  • PACTware 5.0 supports FDT 2.0 and FDT 1.2.
    • FDT Group "PACTware upgraded to FDT2", 2015-08-05.
    • As of 2016-02, there is no free download yet of PACTware 5.0. The software is still in alpha / beta phase and so not yet released for the public.
• PACTware Consortium e.V..
  • PACTware Consortium e.V. - Kostenloser Download von PACTware.
• Bürkert Fluid Control Systems - "Search results for: pactware".
  • “PACTware 5.0 + DTM Collection 5.0” - In 2016-04, this was the first official download offer of the new “PACTware 5.0”.
  • “PACTWARE4_1 SP1_.NET2_DTM Coll 4.1”.
• VEGA Grieshaber KG, VEGA UK.
  • VEGA Grieshaber KG "DTM Collection + PACTware" - “Free downloadable software for setup, adjustment, diagnosis and documentation of VEGA instruments”.
  • Blog VEGA UK Blog.
    • VEGA UK Blog "PACTware 3.6, PACTware DTM, PACTware FDT – What’s it all about?".
• Pepperl+Fuchs "FDT Framework PACTware 4.X".

• ABB "DAT200 Asset Vision Basic" - “Asset Vision Basic is a FDT Frame Application with a graphic interface”.
• ABB "DAT200 Asset Vision Basic und DTM Download" - “Eine FDT-Rahmenanwendung mit moderner und anwenderfreundlicher grafischen Benutzeroberfläche. Sie stellt die Grundfunktionalitäten zur Konfiguration, Diagnose und Wartung ihrer intelligenten Feldgeräte bereit”.

• fdtcontainer is a free frame software for Windows with .NET. It supports both FDT 1.2 and FDT 2.0.
• M&M Software GmbH "OEM fdtCONTAINER application".
• Blog M&M Software GmbH "M&M Blog".

• Currently, FieldCare is a free frame software for Windows with .NET. Experts told me that it just supports FDT 1.2.
• DeviceCare is a free frame software for Windows with .NET 3.5. Experts told me that it supports FDT 1.2 and FDT 2.0.
• Endress+Hauser Messtechnik GmbH+Co. KG "FieldCare SFE500 - Universelle Gerätekonfiguration" - “FieldCare ist Endress+Hausers universelles Tool für die Feldgeräte-Konfiguration mit vielen Funktionalitäten, von der Geräteparametrisierung bis hin zu Lösungen für die Zustandsüberwachung. Am schnellsten lassen sich Feldgeräte von Endress+Hauser mit dem dedizierten Tool DeviceCare konfigurieren”.
• Endress+Hauser Messtechnik GmbH+Co. KG "FieldCare Software Download".

• ABB "Open Engineering - die FDT/DTM Technologie".
• ABB "System 800xA".
  • ABB "800xA PROFIBUS Device Integration" - “With Fieldbus Builder PROFIBUS the user has the capability to configure and diagnose PROFIBUS field devices supporting data access via DP-V1 from each System 800xA client using FDT/DTM technology”.

• ABB - “Device Management Tool DSV4xx for smart field instruments ( “SMART VISION” ).

• Honeywell "Field Device Manager" ( FDM ).

• FieldMate is a frame software for Windows. It supports FDT 1.2 and FDT 2.0.
• Yokogawa "FieldMate - Versatile Device Management Wizard".
• Yokogawa "Yokogawa FieldMate and Device DTM Compliance with FDT2".

• Weidmüller Gruppe "Configure and monitor with the latest FDT2 technology", Weidmüller Gruppe "Konfigurieren und Überwachen mit der neuesten FDT2-Technologie".
• Weidmüller UK - Tag Archives: "FDT2".
• Weidmüller Gruppe, Produkt-Katalog "Netzwerkfähige Signalwandler" - “ACT20C”.

• The IDE Rexroth "IndraWorks Engineering".
  • “PLC and motion logic programming based on CoDeSys V3 with object-oriented language extensions”.
  • “Standardized interfaces such as FDT/DTM, connection of version control systems and automation interface”.

• FTD 1.2 is based on Microsoft's COM and ActiveX.
• FTD 2.0 is based on Microsoft .NET 2.0, 3.5, 4.0...
• A DTM is not a static, but consists both of ( 80×86 or .NET ) code. By this, - e.g. in opposite to a static XML file like with <AutomationML> - it can dynamically change data: If you change the unit of a device parameter, e.g. metric system to US inch / feet / miles system.
• There are 2 kinds of DTMs:
  1. Communication or Gateway-DTMs”, e.g. for USB-to-PROFIBUS devices.
  2. Device DTMs, e.g. for PROFIBUS devices connected to a PROFIBUS.
• The “FDT Common Components” make it easier to develop DTMs.
• I was told by experts, that “M&M” is able to generate a DTM from ProfibusDP device description, by a software generator. I was told by the same experts, that CodeWrights GmbH is able to do fast DTM development by the help of a software interpreter. So the generation of DTMs is not an easy working business modell. Anyhow, there are a few freelancers who may be hired to generate a DTM for a device.
• DTMs are loaded and executed in the frame software on a Windows computer.
• How to get DTMs?
  • In the case of Windows interface devices ( PEAK-System USB to CANBus device, Softing USB to PROFIBUS device,... ), the DTM is provided by the software developer of the windows device driver.
  • If the device is connected to a bus ( e.g. a CANBus or PROFIBUS device ), you need both the DTM for the Windows interface device plus the DTM for the device itself.
  • It might be a good market entry strategy, to start with the development of a DTM for an affordable budget-price sensor device ( by Turck, Pepperl+Fuchs, SIG, IFM... ), connected to a serial bus ( CANBus, PROFIBUS, not PROFINET ! ). The device is connected to the Windows computer by a with a Windows interface device ( USB to CANBus device, USB to PROFIBUS device,... ) shipped with a DTM by the interface device manufacturer.
• Automationworld "FDT Device Integration Strategies Newsletter - Archive".
• Automationworld "FDT Device Integration Strategies".

• DIMA – Dezentrale Intelligenz für modulare Anlagen.
  • DIMA "Module Type Package (MTP)" - “Zur Projektierung der gesamten Anlage benötigt der Anlagenprogrammierer die Informationen der möglichen Dienste für die Prozedur und Visualisierung vom Modulhersteller. Diese Informationen speichert der Modulhersteller bei der Programmierung seines Moduls in einer 'digitalen Visitenkarte', dem 'Modul Type Package' (MTP)”.
  • Twitter "WAGO", Tweet "WAGO erhält für das Konzept DIMA – Prozessautomatisierung der Zukunft – den „atp award“ 2014!".
• MTP is an adoption of the FDI / FDT concepts for module hardware, which is equipped with a user interface.
  • The electronics of FDI/ FDT devices is so “small”, that such devices don´t have a user interface or just a very limited user interface. Thats why FDI / FDT provide a user interface by the DTM module running in an FDI / FDT frame, on a computer used for configuration & maintainance.
  • Module hardware is usually so “big” that it is shipped with a full-blown user interface, which is generated by the developer using the usual PLC IDE. The idea of MTP is to export this existing data from the developer IDE, as base for a FDI / FDT user interface in a frame application on computer used for configuation & maintainance.

• Plattform Industrie 4.0.

• The free PDF ZVEI "White Paper: Modulbasierte Produktion in der Prozessindustrie – Auswirkungen auf die Automation im Umfeld von Industrie 4.0".
• NAMUR "Aktuelle NAMUR Empfehlungen (NE) und Arbeitsblätter (NA)" - “NE 148 Anforderungen an die Automatisierungstechnik durch die Modularisierung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen. Automation Requirements relating to Modularisation of Process Plants”]].

• NAMUR "Die NE 148 ist neu erschienen" - “NE 148 “Anforderungen an die Automatisierungstechnik durch die Modularisierung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen” (Version 22.10.2013)”.
• Experts told me in 2015-06, that the forthcoming standard might be based on:
  1. Internal modules with I/O only → FDI based interface.
  2. External modules with a PLC → OPC/UA based interface.

• "GSD Files".
  • “All about GSD files”:
    • GSD files contain information about the basic capabilities of a device. All devices are shipped with a GSD file, or a file can be downloaded from this web site or the vendor's own web site. With a GSD file, system integrators can determine basic data such as the communications options and the available diagnostics”.
  • “PROFINET GSDML Files”:
    • “GSDML are GSD files written in XML format. They describe the features of the PROFINET device model. GSDML editing can be accomplished with standard XML editors and should comply with ISO 15745, the base for device descriptions. The aim is to allow better integration of devices into an engineering tool”.
    • “It is not an objective of the GSDML format to describe technological functions or the graphical user interface of a device. For this purpose concepts such as TCI, FDT, EDD should be used”.

• SPS Magazin "Konkurrenz zu FDT? Aus SII wird TCI", 2006-01-26.
• PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. ( PNO ) "TCI Spezifikation der PNO verfügbar".
• PROCESS "Geräte-Management: FDT/DTM, EDD und TCI: ein Wegweiser für ein erfolgreiches Geräte-Management".
• “Tool Calling Interface. TCI – 2006 aufgrund der Anforderungen in der Fertigungsautomatisierung durch die PNO spezifiziert – ist eine einfache Aufrufschnittstelle, um komplexe DT vom ES aufzurufen. Ziel von TCI ist es, die proprietären DT der verschiedenen Hersteller von Feldgeräten möglichst einfach an das ES anzubinden. Von einer wirklichen Integration in das ES wie bei EDD (Electronic Device Description) und FDT kann jedoch keine Rede sein”.
• “Ein TCI-fähiges ES ist der Simatic-Manager von Siemens”.
• “Anders als bei einer integrierten FDT-Rahmenapplikation handelt es sich bei TCI um eine Aufrufschnittstelle eines externen Tools und nicht um eine Integration der Geräteapplikation in das ES wie bei FDT. Ein Datenaustausch ist nur in Richtung vom ES zum Gerätetool definiert, nicht jedoch in Gegenrichtung”.

• Cyclic data acquisition:
  • Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC ) and Distributed Control Systems ( DSC ) do cyclic data collection, in case of PROFIBUS DP the GSD ( “Geräte-Stamm-Datei” ) defines devices.
• Acyclic data acquistion:
  • Asset management by EDD / DD of SIEMENS, DTM of FDT.
  • EDDL is intended to become the successor of both EDD and DTM/FDT.

• I was told by experts in 2015-10 ”'Device Tree' is not for Linux only ”, but also for e.g. FPGA board projects.
• Wiki Devicetree.org - “The device tree is used both by Open Firmware, and in the standalone Flattened Device Tree (FDT) form”.
  • Open Firmware → See Booting from Devices.
  • Devicetree.org "Device Tree Usage".
• Wiki elinux Wiki.
  • elinux Wiki "Device Trees".
• FreeBSD Wiki "FlattenedDeviceTree".
• RocketBoards "DeviceTree Generator User Guide".
• RocketBoards "GSRD v14.0 - Device Tree Generator".
• Xilinx Wiki.
  • Xilinx Wiki "Build Device Tree Blob".
• Xilinx Open Source Wiki.
  • Xilinx Open Source Wiki "Device Tree Generator".
• Zedboards Forum "How to generate Device Tree (dts) file?".

• See Linux 2/8 - Linux Distributions.

• GitHub.io "Disney Open Source".
• Pixar / Disney "Introduction to USD".

• EN.Wikipedia "Scene description language".

• Experts told me: The abstraction at API layer is far more important that the interoperability at protocol layer.

• A model of the application may be created using a A “Semantic Modeling Framework”. By this, a REST interface may be generated automatically.
• “Eclipse Vorto” and “Smart Device Template ( SDT )” provide such a semantic description for an application.
• EN.Wikipedia "Semantic data model".

• Bosch ConnectedWorld Blog "Standards: smart home using OSGi".
• Home Gateway Initiative ( HGI ).
  • GitHub "Homegateway".
    • GitHub "Homegateway/RWD050-public".
      • “This repository contains public information and code for the Smart Device Template (SDT) 2.0 modeling tools”.
      • “The SDT is a formal representation of device characteristic that are comprehensive enough to base APIs and protocols upon them”.
• realwire.
  • realwire "HGI Publishes New Open Source Tool for Smart Device Modelling", 2015-01-19.
  • realwire "HGI and Broadband Forum to discuss Device Template for Smart Home Interoperability", 2014-03-14.
• SlideShare "The Role of OSGi Technology in the Home Gateway Initiative (HGI) and End to End Connectivity and Service Provisioning".
• StackOverflow "What does OSGi solve?".
• EN.Wikipedia "Home Gateway Initiative".
• EN.Wikipedia "OSGi", DE.Wikipedia "OSGi" - “Die Spezifikation der OSGi Service Platform definiert eine Java-basierte Laufzeitumgebung oberhalb der JVM und deren Basisdienste. Ein bedeutendes Merkmal der Service-Plattform ist die Möglichkeit, dynamisch und kontrolliert Service-Anwendungen (sogenannte Bundles) zur Laufzeit einzuspielen und – vor allem – auch zu aktualisieren und wieder zu entfernen”.
• EN.Wikipedia "Equinox (OSGi)", DE.Wikipedia "Equinox (OSGi-Framework)" - “Entstanden ist das Projekt 2003, als Eclipse auf eine Plug-in-basierte Struktur umgestellt werden sollte. Um das zu ermöglichen entschied man sich, die OSGi-Plattform zu verwenden. 2004 wurde mit Eclipse 3.0 die erste auf Equinox basierende Version veröffentlicht”.

• Eclipse Vorto, GitHub "eclipse/vorto".

• The Vorto Language is C / Java style.
• Critical feedback: Afterall, Vorto just describes the language interface by a list of functions with its parameters and return values . This is known as class diagramm... or C/C++ header file.
• The ThingWorx server may parse Vorto description files.
• Bosch ConnectedWorld Blog "Your feedback: Eclipse IoT open source standardization project".
• EclipseCon 2015 "The Vorto Project - Advanced Device Integration".
• JAXenter "Bosch schlägt Eclipse-Projekt vor: Vorto".
• SlideShare "Webinar: The Vorto project proposal for Eclipse Internet of Things (IoT)".

• Terraform by HashiCorp - “Write, Plan, and Create Infrastructure as Code”.
• CloudEnabler - “Terraform Done Better”.

• OpenStack ⇒ see Python 1/10.
• Tools for AWS provisioning.
• Tools for Google Cloud provisioning.
• Azure Resource Manager ( ARM ).
  • Microsoft Azure "Azure Resource Manager".
  • Microsoft Azure "Azure Resource Manager Documentation".
  • Microsoft Docs "Azure Resource Manager overview".

• Apple "Corporate-owned deployments made simple" - “The Device Enrollment Program provides a fast, streamlined way to deploy your corporate-owned Mac, Apple TV or iOS devices, whether purchased directly from Apple or through participating Apple Authorized Resellers”
• Apple "Informationen zur Geräteregistrierung".
• You may suppress options.
• You may even suppress more options, if the device is activated in “supervised” mode, for enrollment.

• EN.Wikipedia "Samsung Knox", DE.Wikipedia "Samsung Knox".

• baramundi software AG "baramundi Management Suite".

• AppConfig Community.
• computerwoche "MWC 2016 - Enterprise Mobility: Wer braucht die AppConfig-Community?", 2016.
• Mobileiron "Das Potenzial nativer App-Standards: Start der AppConfig Community", 2016.
• Mobile Mentor "What is the AppConfig Community?".

• LinkedIn "FDT/DTM" - “For professional with FDT/DTM background or experience. Automation engineers with fieldbus experience and FDT /DTM Technlogy know how to connect to each other and share ideas”.