Table of Contents
[hemmerling] Fieldbuses and Automation Networks
Related pages:
Automotive Networks and Data Formats
Automation Networks and Protocols
AS-Interface ( Actuator Sensor Interface, AS-i, AS-i Safety, ASI, ASI-Bus )
- The OpenSource BiSS Interface by iC-Haus GmbH.
CC-Link
- CC-Link Partner Association ( CLPA ) - CLPA Europe - “CC-Link”, “CC-Link IE”. “CLPA and PI to cooperate for a transparent network structure. Interoperability between CC-Link IE and PROFINET planned for end of 2016 with 2 solutions ( Coupler and Link )”.
- Common Industrial Protocol (CIP).
- EN.Wikipedia "Common Industrial Protocol" - “The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is used in EtherNet/IP, DeviceNet, CompoNet and ControlNet”.
- DeviceNet.
-
-
-
- ODVA "EtherNet/IP Quick Start for Vendors", 2016-03-16.
-
-
- EtherNet/IP.
- As of 2014, both SIEMENS and PHOENIX CONTACT start to support “EtherNet/IP” in addition to “PROFINET” on their latest devices... more and more.
EtherCAT
-
- The “Geysitech (Bayern-Hessen) Protocol” ( “Geysitech Protokoll” / “Bayern-Hessen Datenprotokoll” ) for climate telemetry systems, used by the IT infrastructure of the german trade and industrial inspectorates ( “Gewerbeaufsichtsamt” ) in Germany.
- Data processing systems of Thermo Scientific are known to support this protocol!
IO-Link
PROFIBUS / PROFINET
The Organisation
- PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. - PROFIBUS, PROFINET.
"PROFIBUS DP", "PROFIBUS PA"
- PROFIBUS is based on a 2-wire RS485 physical connection. By this, there may be multiple masters ( “Multi Master” ).
- Profibus PA - network topologies “ring”, “star”, “line”, “bus”. Power supply of devices by the network cable. It is quiet EMC / EMV safe. Option “ProfiSAFE” ( EN.Wikipedia "PROFIsafe", DE.Wikipedia "PROFIsafe" ) for use with safety controls.
- Profibus DP - just bus topology “line”, no power over line.
Free Training
- The free online course PHOENIX CONTACT "PROFINET E-Learning".
- Modules “PROFINET Basics”, “PROFINET Practice 1”, “PROFINET Practice 2”, “PROFINET Practice 3”, “PROFINET Practice 4”.
- FLASH must be enabled. Please switch off any “FLASH blockers”.
- Starting with module “PROFINET Practice 2”, access is just granted by passing the previous modules, else the modules are invisible.
Free Software Tools
- Wireshark is able to decode PROFINET telegrams
.- If you have a standard 100MBit network switch, due to the much more higher transmission rate of PROFINET telegrams in comparison to TCP/IP communications, such a tool might be overflooded with messages. As Wireshark is using Windows time synchronisation, it might be that 2 messages get the same timestampe. This makes the data unusuable for many aspects of protocol analysis. Both PROFINET, EtherCat and Ethernet/IP use the “Sync Mode” and have the same timing problem, while Windows is the platform.
- The Windows Timestamp Project "Microsecond Resolution Time Services for Windows" - “Time resources on Windows are mostly interrupt controlled entities. Therefore, they show a certain granularity. Typical interrupt periods are 10 ms to 20 ms”.
- It is even used for hardware certification, together with special network hardware which is able to do 100MBit full-duplex ( e.g. Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH "netANALYZER Scope",whic is able to record and store full-duplex data, i.e. 2 channels, with 10ns timestamps ).
- I was told by experts, that PROFINET network analysis with Wireshark should work properly, if you use a 1GBit network switch,
- To overcome such timing problems, most PROFINET network devices are equipped with a 2-port or 3-port switch, instead of traditional network hardware with just a simple single Ethernet interface.
PROFINET Technologies
PROFIDRIVE Community Implementation
- Experts told me, that the PROFIDRIVE community implementation was implemented on
- SIEMENS PROFINET controller.
- HILSCHER PROFINET device.
PROFINET RT vs. PROFINET IRT
- “PROFINET RT” works with standard Ethernet controllers, with standard Ethernet controller chips.
- “PROFINET IRT” with its realtime requirements just works with “special hardware”, i.e. with a special PROFINET controller chip.
Media Redundancy
- PROFINET - Media Redundancy Protocol ( MRP ).
Routing of PROFINET
- PROFINET may not work over routers.
- In opposite to with PROFIBUS, with PROFINET there is no “Master-Slave” communications structure.
- PROFINET allowe communications of network participants which are situated in different physical lines of a PROFINET network.
- However, PROFINET's network can´t be spread over routers, i.e. PROFINET is not routing-enabled, as it is a “Layer 2” protocol to enable faster communications than standard Ethernet protocols ( e.g. TCP/IP ), or even to enable realtime communications.
-
- “Hubs work at layer 1 of the ISO/OSI seven layer model. Hubs are not recommended for industrial networks because they send an incoming message on any port out of every other port. This creates too much traffic to maintain deterministic behavior on the network. Switches operate at layer 2. In the Ethernet world this uses the physical address of the device – the MAC address. Layers 3 (IP) and 4 (TCP or UDP) are not involved. Routers use layer 3 and communicate using the IP address. Routers are necessary when communicating from one subnet to another”.
- “PROFINET RT uses layers 1, 2, and 7 of the ISO stack just like PROFIBUS and other fieldbuses do. We do this to reduce jitter. But since it does not use IP, it can’t pass through a router. Fortunately, PROFINET CBA (Component Based Automation, our peer-to-peer communications) allows us to use TCP/IP for communications, too… and that is routable. So the short answer after the long background: Yes, PROFINET is routable using PROFINET CBA. (Caveat: using TCP/IP and going through a router will introduce some modest delays compared to PROFINET RT.)”.
- PROFINET requires “protocol transparent Layer 2 communications”. In opposite, TCP/IP just requires “protocol transparent Layer 3 communications” and by this ( the use of an IP address ), it is routable by a network routers.
- It is not easy to find a PROFINET IRT eanbled network switch
. Standard network switches are not suitable for PROFINET IRT communications .
Third Party Software
- I was told by experts, that experts are able to communicate with SIEMENS PLCs by “ISO Protocol”. In a special case, an expert created his/her own PHP application to control SIEMENS PLCs by Ethernet.
- This expert explained that his application is secure, as he implemented security according to a NIST standard (?) for the design of the user control interface for PLC control.
- Another expert wrote this PLC over PROFINET configuration software:
Budget Training Hardware
Raspberry Pi as PROFIBUS RT Controller
- PHOENIX-CONTACT & Raspberry Pi.
- Codesys.
- CODESYS Store "CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi SL" for 50 EUR - “Ohne Lizenzerwerb (nur Download) arbeitet das Laufzeitsystem für zwei Stunden ohne funktionale Einschränkung und beendet sich dann automatisch (Demo)”.
-
- SIEMENS "PROFINET Treiber" to implement a “PROFINET Controller” with a computer running:
- Debian Linux with RT patch.
- Windows.
PROFIBUS IRT Devices
- Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH "netHAT", a shield for Raspberry Pi - “All current Real-Time Ethernet systems like PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, EtherCAT...”.
-
- There are also PCI cards for some other Ethernet based fieldbus systems.
- A “PROFINET IO-Controller” is more expensive than a “PROFINET IO-Device”, due to more software provided with the solution.
Resources
SafetyNET
SERCOS
-
- “USS Protokoll”, “USS-Antriebsprotokoll” - “Universelles-serielles-Schnittstellen-Protokoll”.
- SIEMENS AG ""Tipps & Tricks S7 1200. Positionierung SIMATIC S7 1200 + SINAMICS S110" ( PDF ), section “USS Protokoll: Grundlagen”.
Single Pair Ethernet
- This was one of the TOP-3 topics on HannoverFairIndustry 2021, along with “Time-Sensitive Networking ( TSN )” and “5G”.
-
- The free series of online events SPE Industrial Partner Network "SPE Pioneer Summit", 2021-04-01, 2021-05-06,...
Time-Sensitive Networking ( TSN )
- This was one of the TOP-3 topics on HannoverFairIndustry 2021, along with “Single Pair Ethernet” and “5G”.
- I was told by experts in 2017, that:
- TSN is “The Future” and might become the successor of PROFINET RT / IRT, as the protocol allows low-level synchronisation and, by IPV6, will enable data encryption during data transmission.
- It would be an industry goal to equip all Ethernet chips with the necessary additional TSM functionality, so that in a near future, all computers and IOT/Industry4.0 devices are equipped with a TSN enabled Ethernet interface.
Internet-of-Things & Industry 4.0 M2M Networks and Protocols
<AutomationML>
Constrained Application Protocol ( CoAP )
The Protocol
Tools
-
- GitHub "mkovatsc/Copper" - “Copper (Cu) CoAP user-agent (JavaScript implementation)”.
- Mozilla Add-ons for Firefox "Copper (Cu)" - “The Copper (Cu) CoAP user-agent for Firefox installs a handler for the 'coap' URI scheme and allows users to browse and interact with Internet of Things devices”.
Services
- Some cloud services ( e.g. Exosite ) support the protocol. See Software As A Service ( SAAS ) 1/2.
Resources
- REST may work by HTTP and CoAP, but the CoAP protocol is much less “slimmer” and therefore ideal for IoT. Experts told me that it is considered to be an alternative for MQTT.
IoT Middleware
Data Distribution Services ( DDS )
-
- The OpenSource OpenDDS, GitHub "objectcomputing/OpenDDS" - “An open source C++ implementation of the Object Management Group (OMG) Data Distribution Service (DDS). Java applications can use OpenDDS through JNI bindings”.
-
- The OpenSource project fortiss GmbH Projekte "CHROMOSOME. Eine modulare Middlewarearchitektur für Cyber-Physical Systems" - a DDS implementation / based on DDS.
- XING "Josef Viehhauser", marketing research specialist.
- I was told by experts that DDS would be an alternative to OPC UA → See OPC UA and OPC ( OLE for Process Control ).
Eclipse Kapua, Eclipse Kura & Evryware IOT, Red Hat Foundation for IOT
Eclipse Kapua, Eclipse Kura & Evryware IOT
EUROTECH S.p.A. "Evryware IOT"
-
- EUROTECH S.p.A. "Everyware™ Software Framework Developer's Hub" - “Documentation, Downloads, EUROTECH IoT Gateways”.
EUROTECH S.p.A. "ReliaCELL 10-20"
Red Hat Foundation for IOT
- Red Hat and IOT.
- Red Hat Foundation for IOT "An intelligent systems solution for the Internet of Things" - The reference architecture.
- Red Hat Foundation for IOT "Simplify IoT implementation with Eurotech and Red Hat" - “Bridging the gap between it and ot”.
- Datasheets.
- Red Hat Foundation for IOT "Red Hat JBoss A-MQ" - Lightweight messaging.
- Red Hat Foundation for IOT "RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX FOR REAL TIME. Consistent response times from a stable, mature platform" ( PDF ) - Time-critical and predictable response.
OSGi
Some other important IoT Middleware, according to VDC Research in 2014, 2015, 2016
- AllJoyn.
- CORBA.
- DeviceHive.
- Eclipse Kura.
- Eclipse Mihini.
- Eclipse Ponte.
- Eclipse SCADA.
- Eclipse SmartHome.
- Eurotech Everywhere Software Framework (ESF).
- Intel Common Connectivity Framework (CCF).
- IoTivity (OCF) → new in 2016.
- IPSO Alliance Web Objects.
- Java ME Embedded.
- Java SE Embedded.
- OneM2M.
- OpenJDK → new in 2015
- OSGi.
- Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM).
- OMA Lightweight Device Management (LWM2M).
- Oracle Event Processing Embedded.
- Samsung SAMI framework.
Some other IoT Middleware
Some other important IoT/M2M Protocols, according to VDC Research in 2014, 2015, 2016
- AllJoyn.
- Apple HomeKit → New in 2016.
- AMQP ( Advanced Message Queuing Protocol ).
- AMQP.
-
- While REST is for synchronous communications, AMQP ( like MQTT ) is for asynchronous communications.
- CoAP ( Constrained Application Protocol ).
- DDS ( Data Distribution Service ).
- ETSI.
- IFTTT.
- JSON → New in 2016.
- MQTT.
- OMA LWM2M ( Lightweight M2M ).
- Thread → New in 2016.
- UDP/TCP ( User Datagram Protocol/Transmission Control Protocol ).
- Weave → New in 2016.
- XDMF.
- XMPP/REST ( Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol/Representational State Transfer ).
Some other "Libraries" for Embbbed Systems, according to VDC Research in 2014
Linux Distributions for Embedded Systems
- Linaro - “Work with the industry leaders, building the future of Open Source Software on ARM”
- Wiki Linaro Wiki.
-
Cloud Computing Platform
- OpenStack → See Python.
Messenger Services with API ( Slack, Twitter,... )
Application
- By its API, you may use the messaging service for IOT communications:
- Output of IOT data.
- Entering commands.
- Warning: If you exceeed the limited data volume set by the online service provider, your account will be locked.
Data Distribution Service ( DDS )
- Object Management Group, Inc. ( OMG ).
- DDS Portal - “Proven Data Connectivity Standard for the Internet of Things The Data Distribution Service (DDS)”.
- Real-Time Innovations ( RTI ) "DDS Standard" - “Download Now. DDS Messaging Software. Free for Evaluation, IR/D, Research, and Academica”.
MQ Telemetry Transport ( MQTT )
The Protocol
Tools
Eclipse
- Eclipse Working Group "iot.eclipse.org - IoT development made simple" - “This portal is where you can learn about the technologies developed at Eclipse to make Internet of Things (IoT) development simpler. Our technologies aim at establishing an open IoT/M2M platform to be used by anyone”.
- Eclipse "Paho - Open Source messaging for M2M" - “The Paho project provides scalable open-source implementations of open and standard messaging protocols aimed at new, existing, and emerging applications for Machine‑to‑Machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT)”.
- The MQTT client Eclipse Git "org.eclipse.paho.mqtt.python.git" in Python.
IBM
- “WebSphere MQ Telemetry” for Windows 64-bit and Linux 64-bit.
- The commercial IBM "WebSphere MQ Telemetry".
- The free IBM DeveloperWorks "WebSphere MQ".
- IBM "IBM MessageSight Information Center" - The commercial “IBM MessageSight”.
- “IBM Integration Bus” for Windows 64-bit and Linux 64-bit.
- The free “IBM Integration Bus for Developers” includes “IBM WebSphere MQ” and is by this a valuable free GUI tool for developers to play with MQTT Protocol. E.g. to explore how “Last Will and Testament” messaging works.
MQTT Broker
- The Python server GitHub "Yakifo / amqtt" - “Community driven LTS for HBMQTT”.
- EMQ - The Massively Scalable Open Source MQTT Broker - Coded in “Erlang” ( strong disadvantage, as this is not a popular computing language ).
- HiveMQ - “Enterprise MQTT Broker”, coded in Java.
- Mosca. MQTT broker as a module, GitHub "mcollina/mosca" - “MQTT broker as a module” for Node.JS.
- Mosquitto - “An Open Source MQTT v3.1/v3.1.1 Broker”. Experts told me that it is ok for simple small projects, and as tool to start with MQTT applications, but just for that.
- VerneMQ - “The Most Scalable Open Source MQTT Message Broker”.
Multi-Protocol Message Broker
-
- EN.Wikipedia "RabbitMQ", DE.Wikipedia "RabbitMQ" - “Originally implemented the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) and has since been extended with a plug-in architecture to support Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol (STOMP), MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT), and other protocols”.
Online Services
- IBM Bluemix - See Software As A Service ( SAAS ) 1/2.
- Xively - See Software As A Service ( SAAS ) 1/2.
Support by PLCs
- As of 2018-04, both new PLCs of WAGO and Beckhoff support MQTT as FUP Insternet stack protocol bricks, in their libraries.
Resources
- MQTT helps to decouple systems, e.g. by the feature Feature “Last Will and Testament”.
- Experts suggested not to put a HTTP proxy like nginx in front of an MQTT broker, but just in front of an HTTP application server.
- Video it-novum GmbH Deutschland "Die Qual der Wahl: Schritt für Schritt zur IoT-Plattform", YouTube "Die Qual der Wahl: Schritt für Schritt zur IoT-Plattform" # - Video of OOP conference “OPC-UA, LoRa, MQTT, Lumada… Im Umfeld von IoT existiert eine Vielzahl von Technologien und Protokolle. Aber wann nutzen Sie die richtige?”.
NetDACS
- The legendary but discontinued “NetDACS” Java-based M2M protocol, by Gyro Informatec GmbH, Hannover ( - 2004-03-29 ).
- Gyro Informatec GmbH "Historie / Unternehmensentwicklung", Gyro Informatec GmbH "Historie / Unternehmensentwicklung" - History of company 1997 - 2003.
OData
PJON ( Padded Jittering Operative Network )
- GitHub " gioblu / PJON" - “PJON ( Padded Jittering Operative Network ) is an experimental, arduino-compatible, multi-master, multi-media network protocol”. “PJON operates on a wide range of media, data links and existing protocols like PJDL, PJDLR, PJDLS, Serial, RS485, USB, ASK/FSK, LoRa, UDP, TCP, MQTT and ESPNOW”.
SIEMENS
Open user communication ( OUC )
- Open user communication ( OUC ) = ” TCP, UDP, ISO on TCP (RFC1006)”.
- SIEMENS AG - Product Support "Plant Communication Concept for TIA in the Food & Beverage Industry – based on OMAC" → “Plant Communication Concept for the Food and Beverage Industry- Interface description based on Open IE Communication” ( PDF ), Chapter 2 “Open User Communication”.
SIEMENS S7 Protocol
Modbus TCP, OPC, Open Source Drivers
- Modbus TCP (or RTU).
- OPC.
- Open source drivers (gpl or lgpl licensed).
- Third-party libraries (activex, dlls and so on).
Basic TCP/IP Communication Siemens PLC S7-1200 with Windows PC - without any ModBus, OPC, CapServer, or other HMI component
- YouTube "Basic TCP/IP Communication with Visual Basic 2010 and Siemens PLC S7-1200" without any ModBus, OPC, CapServer, or other HMI component. VB.Net 2010 Programming for TCP/IP Communication.
SIGFOX
The Service
-
- 868MHz global network, currently in France and UK, starting in 2015 in Germany ( pilot project in München ). You can send a maximum of 140 messages/day by a device, which are repeated three times. The estimated costs per device are about 5$/y or 5 EUR/y.
Hardware Chips & Evaluation Boards
-
- Atmel Corporation "ATAK55002-V1" - Standalone.
- Atmel Corporation "ATAK55002-V2" - Shield for Arduino. “The ATA8520 device is preprogrammed with SIGFOX ID and PAC for registration at the SIGFOX backend. It can communicate to any SIGFOX base station in receiving distance”.
- Atmel Corporation "ATAK55002-V3" - Extension board for Xplained PRO kits. “The ATA8520 device is preprogrammed with SIGFOX ID and PAC for registration at the SIGFOX backend. It can communicate to any SIGFOX base station in receiving distance”.
- Atmel Corporation "Smart RF / Tranceiver ICs" - As of 2015-06, there are no SIGFOX transceiver chips available. I was told by experts, that this might change in the near future, as receiving commands from the SIGFOX base stations might be a useful features, from point of view of SIGFOX.
Free Online Services
- Twitter → See Internet Services 2/2.
Time-Sensitive Networking
The Protocol & the Organisations
- AVnu Allance - “A community creating an interoperable ecosystem servicing the precise timing and low latency requirements of diverse applications using open standards through certification”.
Resources
- Experts told me that they consider it as an alternative to MQTT and OPC-UA.
Thread
- The Register "Google Nest, ARM, Samsung pull out Thread to strangle ZigBee", 2014-07-14 - “But there's a flaw in Google's IP-based IoT system”.
WebService ( WS ) / WebSocket ( WSS, WS ), WebSocket Protocol ( WSP )
XMPP/REST ( Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol/Representational State Transfer )
-
- The XMPP Standards Foundation "Clients" - “An XMPP client is any software or application that enables you to connect to an XMPP for instant messaging with other people over the Internet”.
- You may “chat” with connected IOT devices in almost human-alike language
Resources
-
- BACnet Interest Group Europe e. V. - “Leitfaden zur Ausschreibung interoperabler Gebäudeautomation” ( PDF ).
-
- IBM.
-
- InfoQ "Practical MQTT with Paho", 2013-11-08.
Networks for Building Automation
Field Busses for Building Automation
BACnet
- BACnet #.
- According to experts, BACnet is the #1 as top-level building automation network, in Europe. In opposite, KNC is just standard for sub-bussystems.
- Zacharias Unternehmensgruppe Hameln, Hameln.
KNX
-
-
- KNX Association "ETS" ( “Engineering Tool Software” ) - “Ein herstellerunabhängiges Installationswerkzeug für die Planung und Konfiguration intelligenter Haus- und Gebäudesystemtechnik mit dem KNX System”.
- KNX ETS5 eCampus - “web based training”.
- “Upon successful completion you receive a voucher valid on an ETS Lite license and a voucher valid on the update price from ETS Lite to ETS Professional”.
- Schneider Electric - KNX enabled Devices:
- ABB "Gebäude-Systemtechnik" → KNX / iBus / Instabus.
- EN.Wikipedia "KNX (standard)", EN.Wikipedia "Instabus" = “European Installation Bus” (EIB).
-
Local Control Network ( LCN )
-
- “LCN-MNO Musterkoffer / Schulungskoffer”.
- Bus-Profi Gebäudeleittechnik GmbH - Schalten, Überwachen, Steuern, Regeln. Ihr Partner für moderne Gebäudetechnik, “Planung, Beratung und Service für Gebäudeleittechnik / Gebäudeautomation”, “Deutschlands größte Knowledgebase für LCN-Gebäudeleittechnik und Handel für Komponenten zum LCN-System”.
LonWorks
Chips
- Motorola MC143120 Neuron.
- Motorola MC143150 Neuron.
Books
- Book “LonWorks Technology Device Data”, 1996.
Protocol
Industrial Partners
Resources
-
- “LonTalk, developed by Echelon, is a standard protocol, and an ANSI and ISO standard”.
-
- “Unlike BACnet,
LonMark is a proprietary protocoldeveloped by the Echelon Corporation in conjunction with Motorola in the early 1990s. The LonMark standard is based on the proprietary communications protocol called LonTalk. The LonTalk protocol establishes a set of rules to manage communications within a network of cooperating devices. To simplify implementation of the protocol, Echelon chose to work with Motorola to develop a specialized communications microprocessor called the Neuron”. - “While LonTalk addresses the issue of how devices communicate, it does not consider the content of the communication. A second protocol, known as LonWorks, defines the content and structure of the information that is exchanged”.
Freebus
- Freebus.
Modbus
- Modbus is based on a 4-wire RS485 physical connection. By this it is a “Master-Slave” architecture, i.e. there is just one master.
- Modbus TCP is a standard instrumentation interface bus, while it is not a standard for SIEMENS PLCs ( with Profibus as interface bus standard ). Modbus TCP is not limited to network subnets, but it is able to communicate over network routers.
- Modbus is considered by experts to be “simple”, “outdated” and “weak”, especially as there is no time-stamp transfered with the data, automatically.
- The OpenSource Modbus PLC Simulator, SourceForge "Modbus simulator", SourceForge "Modbus simulator" for Windows.
-
- The discontinued offer Archive.org "ProtoCessor - Free Modbus Source Code".
PEHA
Profibus DP
Power Line Communication ( PLC )
RS-485
-
- Section “RS485 vs. CAN”.
Wireless Field Busses for Building Automation
- See Wireless Networks.
Multimedia Systems and Busses for Building Automation
- AMX - media control systems, for buildings.
- Crestron Electronics, Inc. - media control systems, for buildings.
Sub Busses for Building Automation
- DMX - Bus system for use with commercial displays driven by color LEDs.
- SMI.
- BELIMO Automation AG - “MP-Bus” for damper actuators ( “Stellantriebe”, “HLK-Aktoren und Sensoren” ).
Electric Metering
Field Buses für Eletric Metering
- “M-Bus”.
- The OpenSource Java library openMUC "jMBus".
- MBS GmbH - The M-Bus specialist.
- “Wireless M-Bus” → see Wireless Networks.
- Modbus.
- “Smart Message Language” ( SML ).
- Software implementations.
- GitHub "dailab/libsml" - “Implementation in C of the Smart Message Language (SML) protocol”.
- OpenMUC "SML - OVERVIEW" - “jSML is an LGPL licensed Java library implementing the Smart Message Language (SML)”.
- “S0” pulse counter interface / protocol.
- HW group "HWg-PWR: M-Bus IP energy meter (SNMP, WEB)" - “M-Bus or S0 pulse counter? The M-Bus is a standard in energy metering. As opposed to pulse counters (S0), it works with absolute values (acquired data can be used as an argument against the utility bill). At the same time allows working with additional values (quantities), such as voltage, current, flow, drift, etc.”.
- Saia-Burgess Controls AG "Energy management S-Energy – capture, display and log consumption values" - “Bus-compatible electricity meters.. The product range includes AC power meters and three-phase meters with measuring ranges up to 6000 A, each with S0 output or serial bus interface (S-Bus, M-Bus and Modbus).
- “Smart Meters Equipment Tech Spec Version 2 (SMETS2)”.
Data Formats & Data Protocols for Electric Meters
- EN.Wikipedia "IEC 62056" - “DLMS/COSEM” electric meter data format.
- ERDF "Linky, the communicating meter" - Electric meter data format.
- PRIME ( PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution ).
- Iberdrola, S.A., Spain.
Available Meters and its Interfaces & Protocols
- ABB "Gebäude-Systemtechnik" → KNX.
-
- “Die neuen EQ- Energiezähler von ABB, mit ihrer einzigartigen Funktionalität, sind 'Bausteine' eines Sub- Metering- Systems und bieten unter Einbeziehung ihrer Funktionalitäten, eine nahtlose Integration in Echtzeit- Automatisierungs- und Informationssysteme”.
- “Zur Grundausführung aller EQ- Meter gehört die Multimeterfunktion sowie ein Impuls oder Alarmausgang. Mit der eingebauten Infrarot Schnittstelle kann über Adapter die Integration in alle industriell bedeutenden Bus und Übertragungssysteme gewährleistet werden”.
-
- Produktprospekt “Three phase electricity meters A43 and A44. EQ meters ..from ABB”.
- “ABB electricity meter EQ A43” & “ABB electricity meter EQ A44” are shipped with Modbus RTU & M-Bus interfaces. By an additional proprietary optical interface with proprietary protocol, a KNX module may be attached to the meter.
-
Protocols for Building Automation
-
- Media:
- Powerline (OFDM, narrow band, Cenelec B).
- RF (886 MHz., meshed 2,4 GHz.).
- Cable (Ethernet).
Process Automation Networks and Protocols
IEC 61850, IEC 61850 MMS, IEC 61400-25
Resources
- EN.Wikipedia "IEC 61850", DE.Wikipedia "IEC 61850", relevant for process industry.
- EN.Wikipedia "IEC 61400-25", relevant for wind energy industry ( the offshore power transmission line head units, not the wind mills ).
- IEC 61850 MMS - simplified IEC 61850 protocol.
Tools and Servers
- Software-Tool "Beck IPC GmbH "IPC@CHIP®" - single chip embedded webserver.
- 'INFO TECH' Dr Wojciech E. Kozlowski sp.j. - “IEC61850 Client & Server Toolset”.
- Kalki Communication Technologies Limited "Protocol Implementation" - IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-101/103/104.
- NettedAutomation GmbH - “The Net is the Automation. We bring people, systems and devices together” - “IEC61850Li® - Lite implementations. The free evaluation DLL for an IEC 61850 (IEC 61400-25) as a Starter Kit for Client/Server and Publisher/Subscriber is now available”.
-
- “Prüfgeräte für IEC 61850”.
- “Module und Werkzeuge für IEC 61850”.
- “Werkzeuge für IEC 60870-5-103”.
- SISCO, Inc "MMS-EASE Lite" - “A source code product for embedding the IEC 61850 protocols in Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) such as RTUs, reclosers, PLCs, meters and other resource constrained systems”.
IEEE 1588
Telecontrol Protocols for the Process Industry
Distributed Network Protocol ( "DNP3" )
- EN.Wikipedia "DNP3", DE.Wikipedia "DNP3" ( Distributed Network Protocol ) - “A set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADA systems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations (aka Control Centers), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)”.
Modbus
- See in other sections of this page.
IEC 60870
- EN.Wikipedia "IEC 60870", DE.Wikipedia "IEC 60870" for electrical engineering and power system automation.
- EN.Wikipedia "IEC 60870-5" → “IEC 60870-5-104” = “IEC104dd
DIN 43863 IP-Telemetrie
SINAUT ST7 telemetry system based on SIMATIC S7
- SINAUT ST7 telemetry system based on SIMATIC S7.
Resources
Some other Process Automation Networks and Protocols
- “FDT/DTM” - See Device Description Languages and Device Parameterization.
- FOUNDATION Fieldbus ( EN.Wikipedia "Fieldbus Foundation", DE.Wikipedia "Fieldbus Foundation" ).
- Experts told me in 2019, that Emerson was and is the major promoter and driver.
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- The affordable HART-2-USB interface MACTek, A PEPPERL+FUCHS Company "VIATOR USB HART Interface. Economical and easy-to-use".
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- “Multiple HART instruments may be connected directly in parallel with one another along the same wire pair, and information exchanged between those instruments and a host system, if the HART address numbers are set to non-zero values. Setting an instrument’s HART address to a non-zero value is all that is necessary to engage multidrop mode.
- “The address numbers themselves are irrelevant, as long as they fall within the range of 1 to 15 and are unique to that network” ( I.e. there may be up to 15 devices in such a network ).
- Industrieforum VHPready e.V., DE.Wikipedia "VHPready" - “Industriestandard VHPready zur Vernetzung dezentraler Energieanlagen”.
Electronic Busses for Embedded Systems
Electronic Busses in Devices
- EN.Wikipedia "I2c", DE.Wikipedia "I2c" - slow.
- EN.Wikipedia "Low-voltage differential signaling", DE.Wikipedia "Low Voltage Differential Signaling" ( LVDS ) - ultrafast, to transfer A/D data from MCU to FPGA or DSP, when RAM would be overflooded ( e.g. 200 MBit/s ).
Protocols for Communication with Embedded Systems
CAN-Bus
Firmata
The Framework
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- Firmata is a Midi-based protocol by serial port or TCP/IP.
Firmata Application "Jonny Five"
Firmata Applications by Thomas Weinert
- Thomas Weinert. Thomas Weinert, XING "Thomas Weinert", LinkedIn "Thomas Weinert", Google+ "Thomas Weinert", Twitter "Thomas Weinert".
- PHP Unconference Hamburg 2013 in Hamburg, 2013-09-21 - 2013-09-22.
- Speech SlideShare "Controlling Arduino With PHP" by Thomas Weinert, 2013-09-22.
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- Source Code:
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-
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- “Event-driven, non-blocking I/O with PHP”.
- The event loop architecture is similar to that of Node.JS.
- The API is designed to be familar to those who know Node.JS ( “how” is programmed, not “what.. when” ).
- React makes use of Ratchet - “WebSockets for PHP”.
- The support of SPI is in the Arduino implementation of the Firmata protocol, not in the PHP code
- There is no webserver on the Arduino / Teensy.
- Warning: As soon as you open a serial connection on an original “Arduino” board, a Reset is processed. There are implementations of Arduino boards, where you can prevent that by cutting a physical wire on the printed circuit board.
- Problem: With a standard programming approach, a webserver on the Arduino would open a serial connection at each HTTP request and close the serial connection afterwards, causing the unwanted Reset.
- There are some ugly Ardunio project which depend on this behaviour and don´t overcome it.
- Thats why this “Carica” project opens a permanent serial connection.
Implementation of Electronic Busses with Microcontrollers
- Standad UARTs of microcontrollers are not suitable for implementation of PROFIBUS, MODBUS or other high-speed serial communication ( as a standard UART can't be configured to run with 12 Mhz bus clock speed ). You need specially designed devices ( on the microcontroller chip ) for such.
Important Fieldbuses and Wireless Fieldbusses for IOT, according to VDC Research in 2017-02
- CAN bus.
- BACnet.
- ZigBee.
- WirelessHART.
- ISA100.
- MiWi.
- SNAP.
- Thread.
- 6LoWPAN.
- SigFox.
- LoRa.
- Narrowband IoT (NB-IOT).
- AllJoyn.
- Apple HomeKit.
- AMQP.
- CoAP.
- DDS.
- ETSI.
- IFTTT.
- MQTT.
- OMA LWM2M.
- OPC.
- SNMP.
- SOAP-XML.
- Weave.
- Websockets (JSON).
- XDMF.
- XMPP/REST.
Medical Networks and Protocols
Interfaces
- M8, M12 ( IEC 61076-2-101 circular connectors ), “M12 X-coded”.
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- “Rundsteckverbinder M8 M12 von ERNI Electronics”.
- “M12-Gigabit-Ethernet-Steckverbinder mit bis zu 10 Gbit/s”.
- METZ CONNECT GmbH "Cables & wires / X-coded" - “Connection cable M12 8-pole X-coded”.
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Events & Conferences
- Archive.org "ethernet@industry", 2001-2011.
- Metering Billing/CRM Europe 2011 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Resources
- Wikipedia.
- DE.Wikipedia "HLKK-Anlage" - “Anlage der Heizungs-, Lüftungs-, Klima- und/oder Kältetechnik”.
Forums, Newsgroups, Communities
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- Facebook.
- Google.
- Google Groups "CANbus" → ”[CANLIST]” of Vector Informatics.
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- SIEMENS Forum "Communication / Networks" - “SIMATIC NET - Industrial ethernet, PROFINET, Industrial Mobile Communication, PROFIBUS, AS-Interface, SINAUT ST7, System ECOFAST”.
- Vector CAN mailing list.
- Yahoo.
Appropriate OpenDirectory Directory Pages
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